Plancherel-Rotach asymptotics for q-orthogonal polynomials

Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45) Asymptotic approximations, asymptotic expansions (steepest descent, etc.) (41A60) Numerical aspects of recurrence relations (65Q30)

Abstract: We establish the Plancherel-Rotach-type asymptotics around the largest zero (the soft edge asymptotics) for some classes of polynomials satisfying three-term recurrence relations with exponentially increasing coefficients. As special cases, our results include this type of asymptotics for q^{-1}-Hermite polynomials of Askey, Ismail and Masson, q-Laguerre polynomials, and the Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials. We also introduce a one parameter family of solutions to the q-difference equation of the Ramanujan function.

Review text

The authors establish Plancherel-Rotach-type asymptotics around the largest zero for some classes of polynomials satisfying three-term recurrence relations with exponentially increasing coefficients that generalize the so-called \(q^{-1}\)-Hermite polynomials of Askey, Ismail and Masson (\(2xh_n(x|q)=h_{n+1}(x|q)+q^{-n}h_{n-1}(x|q);\,h_0(x|q)=1,\,h_1(x|q)2x\); its largest zero is less than, but close to, \(q^{ -n/2}\)). They consider the family of orthogonal polynomials satisfying \[ 2xp_n(x,c)=p_{n+1}(x,c)+q^{-nc}\beta_n(q,c)p_{n-1}(x,c), \] where \(c>0,\,\beta_n(q,c)=1+o(1)\) as \(n\rightarrow\infty\); the special case, where \[ \beta_n(q,c)=1+\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}\,a_j(c)q^{\lambda_j n} \] for a sequence \(\{\lambda_j\}\) with \(\lambda_{j+1}>\lambda_j>0\;(j\geq 1)\), is looked into in \S5. Moreover, they consider the recurrence \[ xq^{2n+\alpha+1}p_n(x)=a_np_{n+1}(x)+b_np_{n-1}(x)=c_np_n(x), \] where, modulo scaling of \(x\) by \(ax+b\), \[ a_n=1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\,a_{n,k}q^{\alpha_k n},\;b_n=1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\,b_{n,k}q^{\beta_k n},\;c_n= 1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\,c_{n,k}q^{\gamma_k n}, \] where \(\alpha_k,\beta_k,\gamma_k>0\) for all \(k>0\). Introduce the \(q\)-Airy function \(A_q(z)\) by \[ A_q(z)=A_q(qz)-qzA_q(q^2z),\;\; A_q(0)=1; \] the power series: \[ A_q(z)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\,{q^{k^2}(-z)^k\over (1-q)(1-q^2)\dotsm (1-q^k)}, \] \[ x_n(t)={1\over 2}\left({t\over q^{n/2}}-{q^{n/2}\over t}\right), \] then the main results are as follows. Theorem 2.1. Let \(s_n(t)=q^{n^2/2}t^{-n}p_n(x_n(t),c)\), then \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,s_n(t)=A_q\Big(\frac1{t^2}\Big), \] locally uniformly for \(t\in\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus\{0\}\). {Theorem 2.3.} Let \(S_n(t)=q^{n^2}(-t)^{-n}p_n(x_n(t))\), then \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,S_n(t)={1\over (q;q)_{\infty}}\,A_q\Big(\frac1{t}\Big), \] locally uniformly for \(t\in\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus\{0\}\). Finally, in the last section, error-terms are discussed.

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