Towards a large deviation theory for strongly correlated systems

Abstract: The theory of large deviations constitutes a mathematical cornerstone in the foundations of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics, based on the additive entropy

S_{B G} = - k_{B} s u m_{i = 1}^{W} p_{i} l n p_{i}

. Its optimization under appropriate constraints yields the celebrated BG weight

. An elementary large-deviation connection is provided by

N

independent binary variables, which, in the

N o i n f t y

limit yields a Gaussian distribution. The probability of having

n e N / 2

out of

N

throws is governed by the exponential decay

e^{- N r}

, where the rate function

r

is directly related to the relative BG entropy. To deal with a wide class of complex systems, nonextensive statistical mechanics has been proposed, based on the nonadditive entropy

S_{q} = k_{B} f r a c 1 - s u m_{i = 1}^{W} p_{i}^{q} q - 1

(

q i n c a l R;, S_{1} = S_{B G}

). Its optimization yields the generalized weight

(

e_{q}^{z} e q u i v [1 + (1 - q) z]^{1 / (1 - q)};, e_{1}^{z} = e^{z})

. We numerically study large deviations for a strongly correlated model which depends on the indices

Q i n [1, 2)

and

g a m m a i n (0, 1)

. This model provides, in the

N o i n f t y

limit (

f o r a l l g a m m a

),

Q

-Gaussian distributions, ubiquitously observed in nature (

Q o 1

recovers the independent binary model). We show that its corresponding large deviations are governed by

e_{q}^{- N r_{q}}

(

p r o p t o 1 / N^{1 / (q - 1)}

if

q > 1

) where

q = f r a c Q - 1 g a m m a (3 - Q) + 1 g e 1

. This

q

-generalized illustration opens wide the door towards a desirable large-deviation foundation of nonextensive statistical mechanics.

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