Very many clones above the unary clone

Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Hypergraphs (05C65) Operations and polynomials in algebraic structures, primal algebras (08A40)

Abstract: Let c be the cardinality of the continuum. We give a family of pairwise incomparable clones (on a countable base set) 2^c members, all with the same unary fragment, namely the set of all unary operations. We also give, for each n, a family of 2^c clones all with the same n-ary fragment, and all containing the set of all unary operations.

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Let \(\mathfrak c\) denote the cardinality of the continuum. The \(n\)-ary fragment of a clone \(C\) on a set \(X\) is the set \(C\cap X^{X^n}\). It is proved that there exist \(2^{\mathfrak c}\) pairwise incomparable clones on \(\mathbb N\) containing all unary operations. Moreover, it is proved that for each positive integer \(n\) there exist \(2^{\mathfrak c}\) clones on \(\mathbb N\) with the same \(n\)-ary fragment and containing all unary operations.

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