Properties of the trajectory of an ordinary differential equation in a neighborhood of a singular point of the second type
The authors consider the differential system \[ \dot y=P(x,y),\quad\dot x=y, \] \(P\in{\mathcal C}^{1,1}\), \(t\in T\subseteq\mathbb{R}\). The set \(S_2= \{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2:P(x,y)=0\), \(y\neq 0\}\) is called the singular set of second type of this system, and it is assumed that \(S_2\) has Lebesgue measure zero. As their main result they prove the following statement. Let \((x(t),y(t))\) be a solution, \((x_0,y_0)\in S_2\), and suppose that \(x(t)\) is differentiable in some neighborhood of a point \(t=t_0\) except at \(t_0\) itself, \(y(t)=\frac{dx}{dt}\) has a discontinuity of the first kind at \(\lim_{t\to t_0-0}y(t)=y_0\), \(\lim_{t\to t_0+0}y(t)=y_1\), and \(\lim_{t\to t_0}x(t)=x_0\). Then, \((x_0,y_1)\in S_2\), provided that \(P(x_0,y_1)=0\) and \(y_1\neq 0\).
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