Approximate invariant manifolds up to exponentially small terms
It is one of central topics to investigate the existence, asymptotics and stability of invariant manifolds in dynamical systems. This work under review is devoted to analytic vector fields near an equilibrium for which the linearized system is split in two invariant subspaces \(E_0 (\dim m_0)\), \(E_1 (\dim m_1)\). Under light Diophantine conditions on the linear part, the authors prove that there is a polynomial change of coordinates in \(E_1\) allowing to eliminate, in the \(E_1\) component of the vector field, all terms depending only on the coordinate \(u_0\in E_0\), up to an exponentially small remainder. The proof of the main result (Theorem 1) is based on a Gevrey estimate of the divergence of the remainder, which can be exponentially small by an optimal choice of the degree of the polynomial change of coordinates. As applications, they prove the existence of analytic center manifolds up to exponentially small terms and extend to infinite-dimensional vector fields. In particular, for the elliptic vector field, they also prove, with very light assumptions on the linear part in \(E_1\), that for initial data very close to a certain analytic manifold, the solution stays very close to this manifold for a very long time, which means that the modes in \(E_1\) stay very small.
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