Similarity classification of holomorphic curves
This paper uses functional analysis (mainly K-theory of Banach algebras) to study holomorphic curves in Hilbert space. The main results are Theorems~2.1 and 3.1, and the main reference for the proofs is [Acta Math.\ 141, 187--261 (1978; Zbl 0427.47016)] by \textit{M.\,J.\thinspace Cowen} and \textit{R.\,G.\thinspace Douglas}. Let \(H\) be a separable complex Hilbert space, \(n=1,2,3,\dots\), \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb C}\) open, \(e_1,\dots,e_n:\Omega\to H\) holomorphic so that the span \(f(\lambda)=\bigvee\{e_1(\lambda), \dots,e_n(\lambda)\}\) is an \(n\)-dimensional subspace \(f(\lambda)\) of \(H\) for all \(\lambda\in\Omega\). Then \(f\) is called a holomorphic curve in \(H\) from \(\Omega\) of rank \(n\). Two holomorphic curves \(f_1,f_2\) in \(H\) from \(\Omega\) are called similar if there is a linear automorphism \(X\) of \(H\) so that subspaces \(f_2(\lambda)\) and \(Xf_1(\lambda)\) of \(H\) coincide for all \(\lambda\in\Omega\). The unital Banach algebra \({\mathcal A}'(f)\), called the commutant and assigned to a holomorphic curve \(f\) in \(H\) from \(\Omega\), is the set of all bounded linear operators \(A:H\to H\) such that the containment \(Af(\lambda)\subset f(\lambda)\) of linear subspaces holds for all \(\lambda\in\Omega\). Theorem~2.1. Two holomorphic curves \(f\) and \(g\) in \(H\) from \(\Omega\) of rank \(1\) are similar if and only if the \(K_0\)-group \(K_0({\mathcal A}'(f\oplus g))\) of the commutant \({\mathcal A}'(f\oplus g)\) of the direct sum curve \(f\oplus g\) is isomorphic to the group \({\mathbb Z}\) of integers. Theorem~3.1. Let \(f_1,f_2\) be two holomorphic curves in \(H\) from \(\Omega\) of rank \(n\). Suppose that \(f_1,f_2\) are indecomposable, the overall span \(\bigvee_{\lambda\in\Omega}f_i(\lambda)\) equals to the whole space \(H\) for \(i=1,2\), and there is an idempotent \(P\in{\mathcal A}'(f_1)\cap{\mathcal A}'(f_2)\) whose spectrum \(\sigma(P|f_i(\lambda))\) is a connected subset of \({\mathbb C}\) for all \(\lambda\in\Omega\) and \(i=1,2\). Then \(f_1\) and \(f_2\) are similar if and only if the \(K_0\)-group \(K_0({\mathcal A}'(f_1\oplus f_2))\) is isomorphic to \({\mathbb Z}\). The proofs of the above theorems rely on decomposing holomorphic curves into direct sums of indecomposable holomorphic curves, taking derivatives and Taylor expansions of frame members, amplification of operator matrices, elementary algebraic K-theory, noting that the notion of similarity of holomorphic curves admits restricting the curves to small neighborhoods of each point \(\lambda_0\in\Omega\), and making use of the moment curve \((1,\lambda,\lambda^2,\dots,\lambda^n,\dots)\in\ell_2\) for \(|\lambda|<1\).
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