Pointwise behaviour of M^1,1 Sobolev functions
Inequalities for sums, series and integrals (26D15) Abstract differentiation theory, differentiation of set functions (28A15) Potentials and capacities, extremal length and related notions in higher dimensions (31B15) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)
Let \((X,d)\) be a metric space equipped with a doubling measure \(\mu\). The space \(M^{1,1}(X)\), defined by \textit{P.\,Hajłasz} [Potential Anal. 5, No. 4, 403--415 (1996; Zbl 0859.46022)], is the Banach space of functions \(u\in L^{1}(X)\) for which there exists a generalized gradient \(g\in L^1(X)\) such that \[ | u(x)-u(y)| \leq d(x,y)(g(x)+g(y)) \] \(\mu\)-almost everywhere in \(X\), equipped with the norm \(\| u\|_{1,1}=\| u\|_{L^1(X)}+\inf_g\| g\|_{L^1(X)}\). It is known that \(M^{1,1}(\mathbb R^{n})\) does not coincide with the usual Sobolev space \(W^{1,1}(\mathbb R^n)\) and that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is not bounded in \(L^1(X)\). The aim of the present paper is the extension to the case \(p=1\) of some properties of the spaces \(M^{1,p}(X)\) when \(p>1\). It is proved that \(u\in M^{1,1}(X)\) has a unique 1-quasicontinuous representative \(u^{*}(x)\) which is the limit, as \(r\to 0\), of the integral average over the ball with center \(x\) and radius \(r\) and therefore has Lebesgue points except on a set of 1-capacity zero. Moreover, \(u\) coincides on \(X\) with a Hölder continuous function, except on a set of small Hausdorff content. The main tools in the proofs are the discrete maximal operator \(\mathcal M^*\), defined in [\textit{J.\,Kinnunen} and \textit{V.\,Latvala}, Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 18, No. 3, 685--700 (2002; Zbl 1037.46031)], which is continuous in \(M^{1,1}(X)\), and an appropriate Sobolev-Poincaré type inequality.
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