Endpoint Sobolev bounds for fractional Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators

Abstract: Let

0 < a l p h a < d

and

1 l e q p < d / a l p h a

. We present a proof that for all

f i n W^{1, p} (m a t h b b R^{d})

both the centered and the uncentered Hardy-Littlewood fractional maximal operator

m a t h c a l M_{a} l p h a f

are weakly differentiable and

| a b l a m a t h c a l M_{a} l p h a f |_{p^{*}} l e q C_{d, a l p h a, p} | a b l a f |_{p},

where

p^{*} = (p^{- 1} - a l p h a / d)^{- 1} .

In particular it covers the endpoint case

p = 1

for

0 < a l p h a < 1

where the bound was previously unknown. For

p = 1

we can replace

W^{1, 1} (m a t h b b R^{d})

by

m a t h r m B V (m a t h b b R^{d})

. The ingredients used are a pointwise estimate for the gradient of the fractional maximal function, the layer cake formula, a Vitali type argument, a reduction from balls to dyadic cubes, the coarea formula, a relative isoperimetric inequality and an earlier established result for

a l p h a = 0

in the dyadic setting. We use that for

a l p h a > 0

the fractional maximal function does not use certain small balls. For

a l p h a = 0

the proof collapses.

Review text

The paper under review is concerned with the regularity properties of the fractional Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on \(\mathbb{R}^d\). Given a parameter \(\alpha \in [0,d)\), let \(M_\alpha\) denote the centered fractional Hardy-Littlewood maximal function defined by \[ M_\alpha f(x) = \sup_{r>0} \frac{r^\alpha}{|B(x,r)|} \int_{B(x,r)} |f|, \] where \(B(x,r)\) denotes the ball of radius \(r\) centered at \(x\in \mathbb{R}^d\). It is shown that for any \(f\) in the Sobolev space \(W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^d)\), \(M_\alpha f\) is weakly differentiable and the following inequality holds with \(1/p^\ast = 1/p - \alpha/d\), \[ || \nabla M_\alpha f ||_{p^\ast} \leq C_{d,\alpha,p} || \nabla f ||_p, \] provided that \(1\leq p < d/\alpha\) and \(0<\alpha<d\). Similar inequality is established for the uncentered fractional Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. For the endpoint case \(p=1\), the inequality had been left open for the range \(0<\alpha<1\). It is noted that, for the usual Hardy-Littlewood maximal function (the case \(\alpha=0\)), the inequality at the endpoint \(p=1\) is still left open except for the one-dimensional case and some partial results in higher dimensions. For proof of the inequality, the author develops a new inequality for a dyadic version of the fractional Hardy-Littlewood maximal function.

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