Regularity of the local fractional maximal function

DOI10.1007/S11512-014-0199-2MaRDI QIDQ2018124zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors T. Heikkinen, Juha Kinnunen, Janne Korvenpää, Heli Tuominen

Publication date 10 April 2015

Published in Arkiv för Matematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.4298

zbMATH Keywords

fractional maximal function Sobolev function spherical maximal function weak gradient

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25)

Abstract: This paper studies smoothing properties of the local fractional maximal operator, which is defined in a proper subdomain of the Euclidean space. We prove new pointwise estimates for the weak gradient of the maximal function, which imply norm estimates in Sobolev spaces. An unexpected feature is that these estimates contain extra terms involving spherical and fractional maximal functions. Moreover, we construct several explicit examples which show that our results are essentially optimal. Extensions to metric measure spaces are also discussed.

Review text

This paper studies smoothness of the local fractional maximal function \[ \mathcal{M}_{\alpha, \Omega}u(x) = \sup_{0 < r < \text{dist}(x,\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\Omega )} \frac{r^\alpha}{|B(x,r)|} \int_{B(x,r)} |u(y)| \, dy , \] with \(\alpha \geq 0\), on an open proper subset \(\Omega\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\geq 2\). One of the main results is a pointwise estimate for the gradient \(D\mathcal{M}_{\alpha, \Omega}u\). It states that if \(p>n/(n-1)\) and \[ 1 \leq \alpha < \min \Big\{ \frac{n-1}{p}, n-\frac{2n}{(n-1)p} \Big\} + 1 , \] then \[ |D\mathcal{M}_{\alpha,\Omega} u(x)| \leq C (\mathcal{M}_{\alpha-1,\Omega}u(x) + \mathcal{S}_{\alpha-1,\Omega}u(x)) \] for almost every \(x\in\Omega\), where \(C\) is a dimensional constant. Here an unexpected feature is the appearance of the local \textit{spherical} fractional maximal function \[ \mathcal{S}_{\alpha -1, \Omega}u(x) = \sup_{0 < r < \text{dist}(x,\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\Omega )} \frac{r^\alpha}{\mathcal{H}^{n-1}(\partial B(x,r))} \int_{\partial B(x,r)} |u(y)| \, d\mathcal{H}^{n-1} (y) \] (\(\mathcal{H}^{n-1}\) stands for the \((n-1)\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure). Another main result, a variant of the estimate above, concerns subsets \(\Omega\) with finite measure and states that if \(1 < p < n\) and \(1\leq \alpha < n/p\), then \[ |D\mathcal{M}_{\alpha,\Omega}u(x)| \leq 2\mathcal{M}_{\alpha,\Omega} |Du|(x) + \alpha \mathcal{M}_{\alpha - 1,\Omega}u(x) \] for almost every \(x\in\Omega\). In addition, the authors construct several explicit examples, which show that the results are essentially optimal. Extensions to doubling metric measure spaces are also discussed, in particular, certain mapping properties for the local discrete fractional maximal operator are proved.

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