Ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels

DOI10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037227.24460.E5zbMATH Open1142.82318arXivmath-ph/0308006MaRDI QIDQ2385659FDOQ2385659

Authors: Bruno Nachtergaele, Shannon Starr, Wolfgang Spitzer 

Publication date: 12 October 2007

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study a natural conjecture regarding ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels in the Heisenberg model which complements the Lieb-Mattis Theorem of 1962 for antiferromagnets: for ferromagnetic Heisenberg models the lowest energies in each subspace of fixed total spin are strictly ordered according to the total spin, with the lowest, i.e., the ground state, belonging to the maximal total spin subspace. Our main result is a proof of this conjecture for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXX and XXZ ferromagnets in one dimension. Our proof has two main ingredients. The first is an extension of a result of Koma and Nachtergaele which shows that monotonicity as a function of the total spin follows from the monotonicity of the ground state energy in each total spin subspace as a function of the length of the chain. For the second part of the proof we use the Temperley-Lieb algebra to calculate, in a suitable basis, the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian restricted to each subspace of the highest weight vectors with a given total spin. We then show that the positivity properties of these matrix elements imply the necessary monotonicity in the volume. Our method also shows that the first excited state of the XXX ferromagnet on any finite tree has one less than maximal total spin.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0308006

Recommendations

• Ordering of Energy Levels in Heisenberg Models and Applications
• Counterexamples to ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels
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zbMATH Keywords

Temperley-Lieb algebraHeisenberg ferromagnet\(XXZ\) modelordering of energy levels

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

Cited In (6)

• Counterexamples to ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels
• Ordering of Energy Levels in Heisenberg Models and Applications
• The ordering of energy levels for \(\text{su}(n)\) symmetric antiferromagnetic chains
• Ordering of energy levels for extended \(SU(N)\) Hubbard chain
• Ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels for \(\mathrm{U}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) symmetric spin chains
• Note on the one-dimensional Holstein-Hubbard model

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