Quasi-isometry invariance of group splittings.
Cayley graphsfinitely generated groupsfinitely presented groupsgroup splittingsJSJ decompositionsnumbers of endsquasi-isometry invariantsword-hyperbolic groups
Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) General structure theorems for groups (20E34) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Geometric group theory (20F65) Topological methods in group theory (57M07) Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60)
The main result of this paper is the following Theorem: Let \(G\) be a one-ended, finitely presented group that is not commensurable to a surface group. Then, \(G\) splits over a two-ended group if and only if the Cayley graph of \(G\) is separated by a line. Here, a quasi-line in the Cayley graph is a path-connected subspace \(L\) which, equipped with the length metric \(d_L\) induced from the metric \(d\) of the Cayley graph is quasi-isometric to \(\mathbb{R}\) and such that for any two sequences \((x_n)\) and \((y_n)\) in \(L\), we have \(d(x_n,y_n)\to\infty\) if \(d_L(x_n,y_n)\to\infty\). An important consequence of the theorem is the following Corollary: Let \(G_1\) be a one-ended finitely presented group that is not commensurable to a surface group. If \(G_1\) splits over a two-ended group and \(G_2\) is quasi-isometric to \(G_1\) then \(G_2\) also splits over a two-ended group. It is unknown whether the theorem is true for finitely generated groups without further assumptions. -- The author's proof uses the JSJ (Jaco-Shalen-Johannson) decomposition theory for finitely presented groups.
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