Quasi-isometries between groups with infinitely many ends

DOI10.1007/S00014-002-8334-2MaRDI QIDQ1601061zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Panos Papasoglu, Kevin Whyte

Publication date 17 June 2002

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0405274

zbMATH Keywords

ends of groupsfinitely generated groupsfree productsgraphs of groupsHNN extensionsquasi-isometries

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Geometric group theory (20F65) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69)

Abstract: Let G and F be finitely generated groups with infinitely many ends and let A and B be graph of groups decompositions of F and G such that all edge groups are finite and all vertex groups have at most one end. We show that G and F are quasi-isometric if and only if every one-ended vertex group of A is quasi-isometric to some one-ended vertex group of B and every one-ended vertex group of B is quasi-isometric to some one-ended vertex group of A. From our proof it also follows that if G is any finitely generated group, of order at least three, the groups: G*G, G*Z,G*G*G and G* Z/2Z are all quasi-isometric.

Review text

One of the important theorems in geometric group theory is Stalling's Ends Theorem, which says that a finitely generated group splits as a free product or HNN-extension with finite amalgamation if and only if it has more than one end. The property of having infinitely many ends is invariant under quasi-isometry. One of the main goals of geometric group theory is to classify finitely generated groups up to quasi-isometry. Since splitting over a finite subgroup is invariant under quasi-isometry, it is natural to ask how the quasi-isometry type of a free product with finite amalgamation is related to the types of its factors. The following are the main results of this paper. Theorem 0.1. Let \(A,B\) and \(C\) be nontrivial groups. If \(A\) and \(B\) are quasi-isometric then \(A*C\) and \(B*C\) are quasi-isometric unless \(C\), and one of \(A\) or \(B\) have order 2. Theorem 0.2. Let \(A\) and \(B\) be groups, and \(F\) a common finite proper subgroup. Unless \(F\) is of index 2 in both \(A\) and \(B\) then \(A*B\) and \(A*_FB\) are quasi-isometric. Likewise, \(A*_F\) and \(A*\mathbb{Z}\) are quasi-isometric unless \(F\) has index 1 in \(A\). Theorem 0.3. Let \(G,H\) be finitely generated groups with infinitely many ends and let \(\pi_1(\Gamma,\mathcal A)\), \(\pi_1(\Delta,\mathcal B)\) be decompositions of \(G,H\) in graphs of groups such that all edge groups are finite. If \(\pi_1(\Gamma,\mathcal A)\), \(\pi_1(\Delta,\mathcal B)\) have the same set of quasi-isometry types of vertex groups (without multiplicities) then \(G\) and \(H\) are quasi-isometric.

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