Surprising properties of centralisers in classical Lie algebras

The author presents a variety of results concerning the centralizer \({\mathfrak g}_e\) of a nilpotent element \(e\) within a classical Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g=\text{Lie}\; G\). After constructing a basis for \({\mathfrak g}_e\) that is used throughout the paper, the author describes the center of \({\mathfrak g} _e\), proves that for each \(x\in \mathfrak g\) there is a nilpotent element \(e\in \mathfrak g_x\) such that \(\text{dim}\; ({\mathfrak g}_x\cap {\mathfrak g}_e)= \text{rk}\; \mathfrak g\), and (for \(\mathfrak g={\mathfrak {gl}}_n\)) presents conditions on \(e\) such that the \textit{mixed} commuting variety \(\{(x,\alpha)\in {\mathfrak g}_e\times {\mathfrak g}_e ^*\mid \alpha ([x,{\mathfrak g}_e])=0\}\) is irreducible. The latter portion of the paper is devoted to Poisson structures on \({\mathfrak g}_e^*\) and symmetric invariants of \({\mathfrak g}_e\), pursuing the approach of [\textit{D. I. Panyushev, A. Premet} and \textit{O. S. Yakimova}, J. Algebra 313, No. 1, 343--391 (2007; Zbl 1163.17012)]. For example, the author shows that [loc. cit.] and [\textit{J.\ Brown} and \textit{J.\ Brundan}, Elementary invariants for centralisers of nilpotent matrices, arXiv:math.RA/0611024] produce the same set of generating symmetric invariants. The author also computes the number of irreducible components of the null cone associated to the quotient morphism \({\mathfrak g}_e ^*\rightarrow {\mathfrak g}_e^*/\! / G_e\) (here \(\mathfrak g={\mathfrak {gl}}_{m+n}\)) in the case that \(e\) is defined by the partitions \((n,m)\) or \((n,1^m)\).

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