The primitives of the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions.

DOI10.11606/ISSN.2316-9028.V1I2P175-202MaRDI QIDQ2390129zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Michiel Hazewinkel

Publication date 20 July 2009

Published in São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0410365

zbMATH Keywords

divided power seriesfree algebrasfree Lie algebrasHopf algebrasLyndon wordsNewtonian primitivesnoncommutative symmetric functionsprimitive elementsquasisymmetric functionsVerschiebungs morphisms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05) Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics (16T30)

Abstract: Let NSymm be the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions over the integers. In this paper a description is given of its Lie algebra of primitives over the integers, Prim(NSymm), in terms of recursion formulas. For each of the primitives of a basis of Prim(NSymm), indexed by Lyndon words, there is a recursively given divided power series over it. This gives another proof of the theorem that the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions is free over the integers.

Review text

The non-commutative Hopf algebra NSymm of symmetric functions or the Leibniz Hopf algebra is a free associative ring with countable many free generators \(Z_1,Z_2,\dots\). Comultiplication in NSymm is defined by the rule: \(\Delta(Z_n)=\sum_{i=0}^nZ_i\otimes Z_{n-i}\) where \(Z_0=1\). The aim of the paper is to find the Lie ring P(Nsymm) of primitive elements in NSymm. The Lie ring P(Nsymm) contains a free Lie subring \(FL(P)\) freely generated by Newton primitives \[ P_n(Z)=\sum_{r_1+\cdots+r_k=n,\;r_i>0}(-1)^{k+1}Z_{r_1}\cdots Z_{r_k}. \] There is found the index of the homogeneous part of \(FL(P)_n\) in \(\text{NSymm}_n\) for \(n=1,\dots,6\). Generalizing Newton primitives the author introduces homogeneous primitives \(P_\alpha\) parameterized by Lyndon words \(\alpha\). It is shown that primitives \(P_\alpha\) form a base of P(Nsymm) as a free additive Abelian group. -- It is also shown that the graded dual of NSymm, the ring QSymm of quasisymmetric functions, is a free commutative ring.

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