Relationships between combinatorial measurements and Orlicz norms
Let \(Y\) denote an infinite set and let \(\mathbb N\) be the set of positive integers. If \(F\subset Y^n\), \(n\geq 1\), then the function \(\psi_F: \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}\) is defined by \[ \psi_F(s)= \max\{|F\cap (A_1\times\cdots\times A_n)|: A_j\subset Y,\;|A_j|\leq s,\;j= 1,2,\dots, n\},\;s\in\mathbb{N}. \] The numbers \(\dim(F)\) and, for \(a>0\), \(d_F(a)\) are defined by \[ \dim(F)= \limsup_{s\to\infty}\log\psi_F(s)/\log s,\;d_F(a)= \sup\{\psi_F(s)/s^a: s\in\mathbb{N}\}. \] The function \(\Phi\) on \([0,\infty)\) is said to be an Orlicz function if \(\Phi\) is continuous, non-decreasing, convex, \(\Phi(0)= 0\), and \(\Phi(x)\to \infty\) as \(x\to\infty\), and the function \(\Theta\) is said to be an \(\alpha\)-Orlicz function if \(\Theta(x)= x^\alpha\phi(x)\), \(\phi\in C^2(0,\infty)\), and either \(\phi(x)= 1\) for all \(x\), or \(\phi\) is concave and strictly increasing, \(x\phi(x)\), \(x> 0\), is convex, and there is a positive number \(K\) such that \(\phi(x)/x^\varepsilon\), \(x> K\), is decreasing, \(\varepsilon> 0\). For an Orlicz function \(\Theta\), \(d_F(\Theta)\) is defined to be \(\sup\{\psi_F(s)/\Theta(s): s\in\mathbb{N}\}\). The main results contained in this paper include: {\parindent8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] If \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), \(F\in\mathbb{N}^n\) is infinite with \(\dim(F)=\alpha\), and if \(\limsup_{s\to \infty}\psi_F(s)/s^\alpha> 0\), then there exists an \(\alpha\)-Orlicz function \(\varphi\) such that \(0< \limsup_{s\to \infty}\psi_F(s)/\varphi(s)< \infty\); \item[(ii)] If \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), \(F\subset R^n\), and \(\Theta\) is an \(\alpha\)-Orlicz function, then \(d_F(\Theta)<\infty\) if and only if \(\sup\{\| X\|_{\psi_\Theta}: \| X\|_2\leq 1\}\), where \(\|\cdot\|_2\) is \(L^2\)-norm in \(L^2_F(\Omega^n)\), \(\Omega\) is a compact Abelian group, \(R\) is an independent set of characters on \(\Omega\). \end{itemize}} The main statements are indicated as being applicable to extensions of the Littlewood \(2n/(n+1)\)-inequalities, the \(n\)-dimensional Khintchin inequalities and the Kahane-Khintchin inequality.
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