On the uniqueness of elliptic K3 surfaces with maximal singular fibre

Abstract: We explicitly determine the elliptic K3 surfaces with a maximal singular fibre. If the characteristic of the ground field is different from 2, for each of the two possible maximal fibre types,

I_{19}

and

I_{14}^{*}

, the surface is unique. In characteristic 2 the maximal fibre types are

I_{18}

and

I_{13}^{*}

, and there exist two (resp. one) one-parameter families of such surfaces.

Review text

Let \(p\) be either \(0\) or a prime number. Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p\). The maximal singular fiber of a \(K3\) surface is a singular fiber with the maximal possible number of irreducible components occurring in an elliptic fibration on a \(K3\) surface over \(K\). For \(p=0\) Shioda showed that a maximal singular fiber of a \(K3\) surface is either of type \(I_{19}\) or \(I_{14}^*\), both having 19 irreducible components. The first author [Arch. Math. 87, No. 4, 309--319 (2006; Zbl 1111.14034)] showed that the same result holds true for \(p\) odd. However, for \(p=2\) a maximal singular fiber is either of type \(I_{18}\) or \(I_{13}^*\). In this paper the authors shows that if \(p\) is either zero or odd then there exist a unique elliptic \(K3\) surface with a section over \(k\) and admitting a fiber of type \(I_{19}\), and that there exists a unique elliptic \(K3\) surface with a section over \(k\), admitting a fiber of type \(I_{14}^*\). For \(p=2\) they show that there exist two one-parameter families of elliptic \(K3\)-surfaces with a fiber of type \(I_{18}\) and an one-parameter family of elliptic \(K3\)-surfaces with a fiber of type \(I_{13}^*\).

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