Moonshine for M₂₄ and Donaldson invariants of C P^2
Relations with algebraic geometry and topology (11F23) Topology of surfaces (Donaldson polynomials, Seiberg-Witten invariants) (14J80) Representations of sporadic groups (20C34) Other functions defined by series and integrals (33E20) Applications of global analysis to structures on manifolds (57R57) Elliptic genera (58J26)
This paper is a sequel to [Geom. Topol. 16, No. 3, 1767-1833 (2012; Zbl 1255.57028)], and connects the \(u\)-plane integrals of Moore and Witten for a certain mock modular form \(H(\tau)\) with \({\text{SO}}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants for \({\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^2\). \(H(\tau)\) is the mock modular form associated with the \(K3\) elliptic genus \[ Z(z,\tau)=8\left[\left({{\theta_{10}(z,\tau)}\over{\theta_{10}(0,\tau)}}\right)^2+ \left({{\theta_{00}(z,\tau)}\over{\theta_{00}(0,\tau)}}\right)^2+ \left({{\theta_{01}(z,\tau)}\over{\theta_{01}(0,\tau)}}\right)^2\right] \] by the formula \[ Z(z,\tau)={{\theta_{11}(z,\tau)^2}\over{\eta(\tau)^3}}\big(24\mu(z,\tau)+H(\tau)\big), \] where \[ \mu(z,\tau)={{ie^{i\pi z}}\over{\theta_{11}(z,\tau)}}\sum_{n\in{\mathbb Z}} (-1)^n{{q^{n(n+1)/2}e^{2\pi i nz}}\over{1-q^n e^{2\pi iz}}}. \] \(H(\tau)\) is the holomorphic part of a weight-\({{1}\over{2}}\) harmonic Maass form, and has a \(q\)-expansion \[ H(\tau)=2q^{-{{1}\over{8}}}\left( -1+\sum_{n=1}^\infty A_nq^n\right). \] The coefficients \(A_n\) are integers, the first few being \(A_1=45\), \(A_2=231\), \(A_3=370\), \(A_4=2277\)\dots. It was observed by Eguchi, Ooguri, Taormina and others that these are simple linear combinations of dimensions of irreducible representations of the Mathieu group \(M_{24}\). A precise, but still conjectural, statement on these lines is known as the umbral moonshine conjecture, by analogy with the famous monstrous moonshine relating representations of the Monster and coefficients of the \(j\)-function. The main theorem here is that the \(u\)-plane integrals \({\mathbf D}_{m,2n}\big[H(\tau)\big]\) are related to the \({\text{SO}}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants \({\mathbf \Phi}_{m,2n}\) for \({\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^2\), very simply by \[ 12{\mathbf \Phi}_{m,2n}={\mathbf D}_{m,2n}\big[H(\tau)\big]. \] Since the authors [loc.\ cit.] have already shown how to express \({\mathbf D}_{m,2n}\big[H(\tau)\big]\) in terms of the coefficients \(A_n\), this gives a conjectural expression for \({\text{SO}}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants for \({\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^2\) in terms of dimensions of representations of \(M_{24}\). The proof is an application of the authors' earlier results. It is not particularly easy, but neither does it require new techniques. It is the result that is the real point of this paper.
- Mocking the u-plane integral
- Gauge theories on compact toric manifolds
- The u-plane integral, mock modularity and enumerative geometry
- CHL Calabi-Yau threefolds: curve counting, Mathieu moonshine and Siegel modular forms
- Isogenies of certain \(K3\) surfaces of rank 18
- Holomorphic projections and Ramanujan's mock theta functions
- SO(3)-Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb CP^{2}\) and mock theta functions
- Perspectives on mock modular forms
- Coulomb branch surgery: holonomy saddles, S-folds and discrete symmetry gaugings
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