SO(3)-Donaldson invariants of CP^2 and mock theta functions

DOI10.2140/GT.2012.16.1767MaRDI QIDQ441133zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andreas Malmendier, Ken Ono

Publication date 20 August 2012

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.1442

zbMATH Keywords

Donaldson Theorymock theta functionsMoore-Witten conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relations with algebraic geometry and topology (11F23) Miscellaneous applications of number theory (11Z05) Topology of surfaces (Donaldson polynomials, Seiberg-Witten invariants) (14J80) Other functions defined by series and integrals (33E20) Applications of global analysis to structures on manifolds (57R57) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13)

Abstract: We compute the Moore-Witten regularized u-plane integral on CP^2, and we confirm their conjecture that it is the generating function for the SO(3)-Donaldson invariants of CP^2. We prove this conjecture using the theory of mock theta functions and harmonic Maass forms. We also derive further such generating functions for the SO(3)-Donaldson invariants with 2N_f massless monopoles using the geometry of certain rational elliptic surfaces (N_f=0,2,3,4). We show that the partition function for N_f=4 is nearly modular. When combined with one of Ramanujan's mock theta functions, we obtain a weight 1/2 modular form. This fact is central to the proof of the conjecture.

Review text

In 1994 gauge theory saw a major revolution with the introduction of the Seiberg-Witten invariants. These were motivated by physical arguments, that predicted that a certain set of equations would lead to a set of invariants of \(4\)-manifolds that would be conjectually equivalent to the Donaldson invariants. Great progress was made quickly, including proofs of the Thom conjecture by Kronheimer and Mrowka, and the 10/8ths theorem of Furuta. It was possible to study the Seiberg-Witten equations without understanding the physical arguments that originally motivated the introduction of the Seiberg-Witten equations. Based on the physical arguments, Moore and Witten conjectured that the generating function for the \(\text{SO}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) was closely related to modular functions.NEWLINENEWLINEIn this substantial work, Malmendier and Ono prove the Moore-Witten conjecture and derive generating functions for the \(\text{SO}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants with \(2N_f\) massless monopoles. The \(\text{SO}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants count the solutions to the anti-self-dual equations with additional constraints coming from the homology of the manifold. The paper begins with a short summary of the definition of these invariants. Mathematically augmenting Donaldson theory with monopoles amounts to adding a number \(N_f\) of spinor (really \(\text{Spin}_c\)) fields, requiring that the spinor fields are in the kernel of the twisted Dirac operator, and requiring that the self-dual part of the curvature is a certain quadratic expression in these fields. For \(\mathbb{C}P^2\), a Weitzenböck argument implies that only trivial Spinor fields can arise in this way due to the positive curvature of \(\mathbb{C}P^2\). Even so, the monopole theory is slightly different because one may evaluate the fundamental class of the ASD moduli space on powers of the top Chern class of the determinant line bundle associated to the twisted line bundle in addition to the usual \(\mu\) classes from Donaldson theory. This is also explained near the start of this paper. Following this, Malmendier and Ono give an exceptionally clear description of the Seiberg-Witten curve and the \(u\)-plane. They then give a summary of the physical arguments that pure mathematicians will appreciate. The starting point for their proof of the Moore-Witten conjecture is Göttsche's expressions for the \(\text{SO}(3)\)-Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb{C}P^2\). Then the heart of their argument relies on the theory of mock theta functions and Maass forms.

Recommendations

• Donaldson invariants of CP^1 CP^1 and mock theta functions
• SU(2)-Donaldson invariants of the complex projective plane
• Moonshine for \(M_{24}\) and Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb{C} \text{P}^2\)
• The u-plane integral, mock modularity and enumerative geometry
• Donaldson-Witten theory and indefinite theta functions

Cites work

• \(SO(3)\)-invariants for 4-manifolds with \(b_ 2^ +=1\). II
• A strong coupling test of S-duality
• Ample divisors on fine moduli spaces on the projective plane
• Borcherds products on \(O(2,l)\) and Chern classes of Heegner divisors
• Configurations of Kodaira fibers on rational elliptic surfaces
• Degeneracy loci of families of Dirac operators
• Dirac operators coupled to vector potentials
• Duality in twisted \({\mathcal N}=4\) supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions
• Dyson's ranks and Maass forms
• Elliptic Curves Over Function Fields and the Picard Number
• Embedded surfaces and the structure of Donaldson's polynomial invariants
• Erratum: Electric-magnetic duality, monopole condensation, and confinement in \(N=2\) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
• Eulerian series as modular forms
• Faltings heights of CM cycles and derivatives of \(L\)-functions
• Heegner divisors, \(L\)-functions and harmonic weak Maass forms
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5718024 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4063181 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3756872 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 24599 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 47483 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1069203 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1538886 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3892210 (Why is no real title available?)
• Instanton counting and Donaldson invariants
• Instanton invariants of \(\mathbb{C} P^ 2\) via topology
• Integrating over the Coulomb branch in \({\mathcal N}=2\) gauge theory
• Integration over the \(u\)-plane in Donaldson theory
• Intersection numbers of curves on Hilbert modular surfaces and modular forms of Nebentypus
• Issues in topological gauge theory
• Jacobi forms and the structure of Donaldson invariants for 4-manifolds with \(b_+=1\)
• Mock theta functions
• Modular forms and Donaldson invariants for 4-manifolds with 𝑏₊=1
• Moduli of vector bundles and class numbers
• Monodromy and invariants of elliptic surfaces
• Monopoles and four-manifolds
• Monopoles, duality and chiral symmetry breaking in N=2 supersymmetric QCD
• On S-duality in abelian gauge theory
• On electric-magnetic duality
• On elliptic modular surfaces
• On modular forms of half integral weight
• On two geometric theta lifts
• Persson's list of singular fibers for a rational elliptic surface
• Rankin-Cohen brackets on pseudodifferential operators
• Seiberg-Witten integrable systems and periods of rational elliptic surfaces
• So(3)-Invariants for 4-Manifolds with b ⁺ ₂ = 1
• SOFTLY BROKEN N=2 QCD WITH MASSIVE QUARK HYPERMULTIPLETS, I
• The 1-2-3 of modular forms. Lectures at a summer school in Nordfjordeid, Norway, June 2004
• The \(f(q)\) mock theta function conjecture and partition ranks
• The Betti numbers of the moduli space of stable sheaves of rank2 on P2.
• The logarithm of the Dedekind \(\eta\)-function
• The signature of the Seiberg-Witten surface
• Top Chern classes of universal bundles on the complex projective plane and correlation functions of asymptotically free Sym N=2 QFT
• Topological quantum field theory
• Unearthing the visions of a master: harmonic Maass forms and number theory
• Wall-crossing formulas, Bott residue formula and the Donaldson invariants of rational surfaces

Cited in

(21)

• Donaldson-Witten theory and indefinite theta functions
• Zagier-type dualities and lifting maps for harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms
• Mocking the u-plane integral
• Elliptic loci of \(\mathrm{SU}(3)\) vacua
• Seiberg-Witten geometry, modular rational elliptic surfaces and BPS quivers
• The u-plane integral, mock modularity and enumerative geometry
• Vafa-Witten theory and iterated integrals of modular forms
• Witten's conjecture for many four-manifolds of simple type
• Moonshine for \(M_{24}\) and Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb{C} \text{P}^2\)
• Mock modular forms and d-distinct partitions
• Degeneracy loci of families of Dirac operators
• Coefficients of harmonic Maass forms
• Holomorphic projections and Ramanujan's mock theta functions
• Donaldson invariants of CP^1 CP^1 and mock theta functions
• Kohnen's limit process for real-analytic Siegel modular forms
• Mock modular Eisenstein series with Nebentypus
• Perspectives on mock modular forms
• Harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms with singularities and a theta-like decomposition
• Numerical experiments on coefficients of instanton partition functions
• Topological twists of massive SQCD. II
• Coulomb branch surgery: holonomy saddles, S-folds and discrete symmetry gaugings

This page was built for publication: SO(3)-Donaldson invariants of \(\mathbb CP^{2}\) and mock theta functions

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q441133)