A universal survival ring of continuous functions which is not a universal lying-over ring
continuum hypothesisdivided domainKrull dimensionlying-overone-point compactificationprime idealring extensionsring of continuous functionsultrafilteruniversal survival ring
Ideals and multiplicative ideal theory in commutative rings (13A15) Commutative ring extensions and related topics (13B99) Dedekind, Prüfer, Krull and Mori rings and their generalizations (13F05) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Extensions of spaces (compactifications, supercompactifications, completions, etc.) (54D35)
All rings in the paper under review are commutative with \(1 \neq 0\). A ring \(R\) is a universal lying-over ring (ULO-ring) if \(R \subseteq T\) satisfies the lying-over property (LO) for every ring extension \(T\) of \(R\), and \(R\) is a universal survival ring (US-ring) if \(PT \neq T\) for every prime ideal \(P\) of \(R\) and ring extension \(T\) of \(R\). Clearly a ULO-ring is a US-ring. The authors first use the \(A + B\) construction to show that if \(2 \leq n \leq \infty\), then there is an \(n\)-dimensional US-ring which is not a ULO-ring. Most of the paper studies the ring \(R = C(Y)\) of real-valued continuous functions on \(Y\), where \(Y\) is the one-point compactification of the discrete space of cardinality \(\aleph_1\). They show that \(R\) is an infinite-dimensional US-ring which is not a ULO-ring and that \(R\) cannot be obtained using an \(A + B\) construction. They study the prime ideals (using ultra filters) and corresponding factor domains of \(R\). For example, they show that \(R/P\) is a divided domain for every prime ideal \(P\) of \(R\), and if the Continuum Hypothesis holds, then there is a minimal prime ideal \(P\) of \(R\) such that \(R/P\) is an infinite-dimensional valuation domain. However, it is consistent with ZFC that no such minimal prime ideals exist.
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