Weak and generic bang-bang properties for continuous evolution inclusions and Baire's method

DOI10.1007/S00030-012-0174-1MaRDI QIDQ2393611zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors F. S. de Blasi, Giulio Pianigiani

Publication date 8 August 2013

Published in NoDEA. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00030-012-0174-1

Baire category Banach space bang-bang evolution inclusion extreme point infinitesimal generator

Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and continuation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A12) Evolution inclusions (34G25) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06) Baire category, Baire spaces (54E52)

Review text

The authors study the bang-bang property for the pair of evolution inclusions \[ x'(t)\in Ax(t)+F(t,x(t)),\quad x(t_{0})=x_{0},\tag{\(*\)} \] \[ x'(t)\in Ax(t)+\text{ext}F(t,x(t)),\quad x(t_{0})=x_{0},\tag{\(**\)} \] where ext\(F(t,x(t))\) represents the set of all extreme points of \(F(t,x(t))\). Throughout the paper, \(A\) is the infinitesimal generator of a \(C_{0}\)-semigroup \(T(t)\), \(t\geq 0\), on \(\mathbb{E}\), where \(\mathbb{E}\) is a reflexive and separable real Banach space, \(F:\left[ t_{0},t_{1}\right] \times \mathbb{E}\rightarrow \) the subsets of \(\mathbb{E}\) is continuous and closed-, convex- and bounded-valued, and \(F\) is bounded. Then, under the additional assumption that the values of \(F\) have nonempty interior, it is shown that \(M_{F}^{\text{O}}\) is nonempty and a weak form of the bang-bang property is proven, specifically, \[ \bar{M}_{\text{ext}F}\supseteq \bar{M}_{F}^{\text{O}}, \] where \(M_{\text{ext}F}\) represents the mild solutions to \((**)\) and \(M_{F}^{\text{O}}\) represents the set of all mild internal solutions of \((*)\) and the closure is in the uniform convergence metric. The method is based on Baire category. An analogous result was proven for \(A=0\) in [the authors, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 138, No. 7, 2413--2423 (2010; Zbl 1213.34024)]. Under the additional assumption that the \(C_{0}\)-semigroup is compact, making use of the previous result, the ``generic bang-bang property is proven, namely, \[ \bar{M}_{\text{ext}F}=M_{F} \] holds for most \(F\), in the sense of Baire category, where \(M_{F}\) is the set of all mild solutions to \((*)\). A finite-dimensional version was proven in [\textit{T. Donchev}, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 3401, 266--271 (2005; Zbl 1118.34305)].

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