Complex dimensions of fractals and meromorphic extensions of fractal zeta functions

Abstract: We study meromorphic extensions of distance and tube zeta functions, as well as of geometric zeta functions of fractal strings. The distance zeta function

z e t a_{A} (s) := i n t_{A_{d} e l t a} d (x, A)^{s - N} m a t h r m d x

, where

d e l t a > 0

is fixed and

d (x, A)

denotes the Euclidean distance from

x

to

A

extends the definition of the zeta function associated with bounded fractal strings to arbitrary bounded subsets

A

of

m a t h b b R^{N}

. The abscissa of Lebesgue convergence

D (z e t a_{A})

coincides with

D := o v e r l i n e d i m_{B} A

, the upper box dimension of

A

. The complex dimensions of

A

are the poles of the meromorphic continuation of the fractal zeta function of

A

to a suitable connected neighborhood of the "critical line"

R e (s) = D

. We establish several meromorphic extension results, assuming some suitable information about the second term of the asymptotic expansion of the tube function

| A_{t} |

as

t o 0^{+}

, where

A_{t}

is the Euclidean

t

-neighborhood of

A

. We pay particular attention to a class of Minkowski measurable sets, such that

| A_{t} | = t^{N - D} (m a t h c a l M + O (t^{g} a m m a))

as

t o 0^{+}

, with

g a m m a > 0

, and to a class of Minkowski nonmeasurable sets, such that

| A_{t} | = t^{N - D} (G (l o g t^{- 1}) + O (t^{g} a m m a))

as

t o 0^{+}

, where

G

is a nonconstant periodic function and

g a m m a > 0

. In both cases, we show that

z e t a_{A}

can be meromorphically extended (at least) to the open right half-plane

R e (s) > D - g a m m a

. Furthermore, up to a multiplicative constant, the residue of

z e t a_{A}

evaluated at

s = D

is shown to be equal to

m a t h c a l M

(the Minkowski content of

A

) and to the mean value of

G

(the average Minkowski content of

A

), respectively. Moreover, we construct a class of fractal strings with principal complex dimensions of any prescribed order, as well as with an infinite number of essential singularities on the critical line

R e (s) = D

.

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