Characterizations of immersed gradient almost Ricci solitons
Local differential geometry of Lorentz metrics, indefinite metrics (53B30) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42) Global differential geometry of Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics (53C50) Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05)
In this paper, the authors study gradient almost Ricci solitons \((M^n,g,f,\lambda)\) isometrically immersed into a Riemannian manifold \(\tilde{M}^{n+p}\), where \(f,\lambda\) are smooth functions on \(M\) and the following equation \[ \mathrm{ Ric}+\nabla^2f~=~\lambda g \tag{1} \] holds on \(M\). When the function \(\lambda\) is a constant, (1) is the well-known gradient Ricci soliton equation which plays an important role in the singularity study of the Ricci flow. The almost gradient Ricci solitons also attracted a lot of interest since they arise from the Ricci-Bourguignon flow. The main purpose of this paper is to classify the gradient almost Ricci solitons \((M^n, g, a^{\top},\lambda)\) isometrically immersed either in the hyperbolic space \(\mathbb{H}^{n+1}\), or in the de Sitter space \(\mathbb{S}_1^{n+1}\) or the anti-de Sitter space \(\mathbb{H}_1^{n+1}\), where \(a\) is a fixed nonzero vector whose tangential component \(a^{\top}\) defines the structure of a gradient almost Ricci soliton. The main result is that if the image of the Gauss mapping of \(M\) is totally umbilical, then the hypersurface \(M^n\) is totally umbilical. The authors can also conclude that such a hypersurface is isometric to either \(\mathbb{H}^n\) in \(\mathbb{H}^{n+1}, \mathbb{H}_1^{n+1}\) or \(\mathbb{S}^n\) in \(\mathbb{S}_1^{n+1}\) provided that the structure of the gradient almost Ricci soliton is nontrivial, i.e., the vector field \(a^{\top}\) is nontrivial. This can be viewed as generalization of the classical theorem due to [\textit{K. Nomizu} and \textit{B. Smyth}, Comment. Math. Helv. 44, 484--490 (1969; Zbl 0184.47004)] to gradient almost Ricci soliton in either \(\mathbb{H}^{n+1}\), or \(\mathbb{S}_1^{n+1}\) or \(\mathbb{H}_1^{n+1}\).
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