On the behavior of Lebesgue integrable functions at infinity
\textit{E. Lesigne} showed in [Am. Math. Mon. 117, No. 2, 175--181 (2010; Zbl 1210.26006)] that, if \(f:\mathbb R\rightarrow\mathbb R\) is Lebesgue integrable, then for \(\lambda \) almost every \(x\in\mathbb R\) one has \(f(nx)\rightarrow 0\). The authors of this paper generalize Lesigne's investigations in several directions. One way is to replace the domain of \(f\) by the space \(\mathbb R^d\) equipped with the \(d\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure \(\lambda \). On the other hand, they want to describe a possibly large class of multipliers \( c_{n}\) which may be substituted for \(n\) in Lesigne's result. They obtain the following results: Theorem 1. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let \((c_n)\) be a sequence of positive numbers such that \( c_n\rightarrow \infty \) and the non-decreasing rearrangement \( (c'_n)\) of \((c_n)\) is such that \(\root d \of n\) is bounded. Assume that \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) is Lebesgue integrable \((\int |f(x)|\, dx<\infty )\). Then for \(\lambda \) almost every \(x\in\mathbb R^d\) one has \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty|f(c_nx)|<\infty\) (hence \( f(c_nx)\rightarrow 0\)). Theorem 2. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let \((c_n)\) be a sequence of positive numbers such that \( c_n\rightarrow \infty \) and the non-decreasing rearrangement \( (c'_n)\) of \((c_n)\) is such that \(\root d \of n\) is bounded. Moreover, let \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) be measurable and such that for every \(\varepsilon >0\) one has \(\lambda (\{x\in\mathbb R^d:|f(x)|\geq \varepsilon \})<\infty \). Then for \(\lambda \) almost every \( x\in\mathbb R^d\) one has \(f(c_{n}x)\rightarrow 0\). Theorem 3. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let \((c_n)\) be a sequence of positive numbers. Assume that either \(c_n\nrightarrow \infty \) or the non-decreasing rearrangement \( (c'_n)\) of \((c_n)\) is such that \(\root d \of n\) is unbounded. Then there exists a continuous, non-negative function \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) such that \(\int |f(x)|\, dx<\infty \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }|f(c_{n}x)|=\infty \) for every \(x\in\mathbb R^d\). Theorem 4. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let \((c_n)\) be a sequence of positive numbers. Assume that either \(c_n\nrightarrow \infty \) or the non-decreasing rearrangement \( (c'_n)\) of \((c_n)\) is such that \(\root d \of n\) is unbounded. Then there exist a sequence \((b_n)\) of positive numbers and a continuous, non-negative, integrable function \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) such that \(b_n/c_n\rightarrow 1\) and \(f(b_nx)\nrightarrow 0\) for every \(x\in\mathbb R^d\). Theorem 5. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let \((c_n)\) be a sequence of positive numbers tending to infinity. There exists a sequence \((b_n)\) of positive numbers with \( b_n/c_n\rightarrow 1\) such that, for any measurable \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) satisfying \(\lambda (\{x\in\mathbb R^d:|f(x)|\geq \varepsilon \})<\infty \) for all \(\varepsilon >0\), one has \(f(b_nx)\rightarrow 0\) for \(\lambda \) almost every \(x\in\mathbb R^d\). Theorem 6. Let \(d\in\mathbb N\) and let a sequence \((a_n)\) satisfy \(0\leq a_n\rightarrow \infty\). Then there exists a continuous, non-negative, integrable function \(f:\mathbb R^d\rightarrow\mathbb R\) such that \(\lim \sup_{n\rightarrow \infty }a_nf(\root d \of n x)=\infty \) for every \(x\in\mathbb R^d\).
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