Entropy is in flux V3.4

DOI10.1007/S10955-017-1766-2zbMATH Open1379.82018arXiv1403.6162OpenAlexW2606199606MaRDI QIDQ2403249FDOQ2403249

Authors: Leo P. Kadanoff 

Publication date: 8 September 2017

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The science of thermodynamics was put together in the Nineteenth Century to describe large systems in equilibrium. One part of thermodynamics defines entropy for equilibrium systems and demands an ever-increasing entropy for non-equilibrium ones. However, starting with the work of Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, and continuing to the present day, various models of non-equilibrium behavior have been put together with the specific aim of generalizing the concept of entropy to non-equilibrium situations. This kind of entropy has been termed {em kinetic entropy} to distinguish it from the thermodynamic variety. Knowledge of kinetic entropy started from Boltzmann's insight about his equation for the time dependence of gaseous systems. In this paper, his result is stated as a definition of kinetic entropy in terms of a local equation for the entropy density. This definition is then applied to Landau's theory of the Fermi liquid thereby giving the kinetic entropy within that theory. Entropy has been defined and used for a wide variety of situations in which a condensed matter system has been allowed to relax for a sufficient period so that the very most rapid fluctuations have been ironed out. One of the broadest applications of non-equilibrium analysis considers quantum degenerate systems using Martin-Schwinger Green's functionscite{MS} as generalized of Wigner functions, $g^{<}$ and $g^{>}$. This paper describes once again these how the quantum kinetic equations for these functions give locally defined conservation laws for mass momentum and energy. In local thermodynamic equilibrium, this kinetic theory enables a reasonable local definition of entropy density. However, when the system is outside of local equilibrium, this definition fails. It is speculated that quantum entanglement is the source of this failure.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.6162

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zbMATH Keywords

Boltzmann kinetic equationH-theoremlocal conservation lawsquantum correlationslocal equilibriumgeneralized Boltzmann equationclassic entropy definitionsentanglement in many-body physicsLandau's kinetic equationlocal equilibrium non-existencelocalized kinetic entropynon-equilibrium generalizationsquantum transport and fluxquasiparticle excitationsquasiparticle scatteringseeking quantum kinetic entropy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Kinetic theory of gases in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C40) Boltzmann equations (35Q20) Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification in ergodic theory (37A35) Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics (76P05) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C05) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

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Cited In (1)

• Entropy-based theory of thermomagnetic phenomena

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