Introduction to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics with quantum field theory
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Publication:3576282
DOI10.1143/PTP.123.581zbMATH Open1205.82099arXiv1005.0393MaRDI QIDQ3576282FDOQ3576282
Authors: Takafumi Kita 
Publication date: 30 July 2010
Published in: Progress of Theoretical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: In this article, we present a concise and self-contained introduction to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics with quantum field theory by considering an ensemble of interacting identical bosons or fermions as an example. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the Matsubara formalism of equilibrium statistical mechanics such as Feynman diagrams, the proper self-energy, and Dyson's equation. The aims are threefold: (i) to explain the fundamentals of nonequilibrium quantum field theory as simple as possible on the basis of the knowledge of the equilibrium counterpart; (ii) to elucidate the hierarchy in describing nonequilibrium systems from Dyson's equation on the Keldysh contour to the Navier-Stokes equation in fluid mechanics via quantum transport equations and the Boltzmann equation; (iii) to derive an expression of nonequilibrium entropy that evolves with time. In stage (i), we introduce nonequilibrium Green's function and the self-energy uniquely on the round-trip Keldysh contour, thereby avoiding possible confusions that may arise from defining multiple Green's functions at the very beginning. We try to present the Feynman rules for the perturbation expansion as simple as possible. In particular, we focus on the self-consistent perturbation expansion with the Luttinger-Ward thermodynamic functional, i.e., Baym's Phi-derivable approximation, which has a crucial property for nonequilibrium systems of obeying various conservation laws automatically. We also show how the two-particle correlations can be calculated within the Phi-derivable approximation, i.e., an issue of how to handle the "Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvons (BBGKY) hierarchy".
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.0393
Recommendations
Feynman diagramsBBGKY hierarchyDyson's equationWigner transformationKeldysh contourMatsubara technique
Thermal quantum field theory (81T28) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10)
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