Hyperbolic entire functions and the Eremenko-Lyubich class: Class B or not class B?

DOI10.1007/S00209-016-1784-9MaRDI QIDQ2406006zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Lasse Rempe, D. J. Sixsmith

Publication date 26 September 2017

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00492

zbMATH Keywords

entire function Eremenko-Lyubich class hyperbolicity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Expanding holomorphic maps; hyperbolicity; structural stability of holomorphic dynamical systems (37F15)

Abstract: Hyperbolicity plays an important role in the study of dynamical systems, and is a key concept in the iteration of rational functions of one complex variable. Hyperbolic systems have also been considered in the study of transcendental entire functions. There does not appear to be an agreed definition of the concept in this context, due to complications arising from the non-compactness of the phase space. In this article, we consider a natural definition of hyperbolicity that requires expanding properties on the preimage of a punctured neighbourhood of the isolated singularity. We show that this definition is equivalent to another commonly used one: a { ef} is hyperbolic if and only if its postsingular set is a compact subset of the Fatou set. This leads us to propose that this notion should be used as the general definition of hyperbolicity in the context of entire functions, and, in particular, that speaking about hyperbolicity makes sense only within the emph{Eremenko-Lyubich class}

m a t h c a l B

of transcendental entire functions with a bounded set of singular values. We also considerably strengthen a recent characterisation of the class

m a t h c a l B

, by showing that functions outside of this class cannot be expanding with respect to a metric whose density decays at most polynomially. In particular, this implies that no transcendental entire function can be expanding with respect to the spherical metric. Finally we give a characterisation of an analogous class of functions analytic in a hyperbolic domain.

Review text

The authors discuss notions of expansion and hyperbolicity in the context of dynamics of entire functions of a complex variable. The non-compactness of the phase space implies that the definition of iteration of an entire hyperbolic entire function is more delicate compared to iteration theory of rational functions. The authors propose a definition of hyperbolicity involving expanding properties of preimages of punctured neighborhoods of isolated singularities. They explore several consequences of this definition, including its relations to similar notions considered in the literature, and they show that expanding entire functions belong to the Eremenko-Lyubich class \(\mathcal{B}\) of entire functions having bounded set of singularities (consisting of the closure of critical and asymptotic values). Expansion at infinity is studied, leading to further refined descriptions of the class \(\mathcal{B}\). Two appendices are devoted to a historical discussion of hyperbolicity and an analysis of several examples, respectively.

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