On convex iterative roots of non-monotonic mappings

DOI10.1007/S00010-017-0483-XMaRDI QIDQ2407706zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Marek Cezary Zdun

Publication date 6 October 2017

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-017-0483-x

zbMATH Keywords

convex functions dyadic numbers iterations iterative roots semi-flows iteration semi-group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iteration of real functions in one variable (26A18) Convexity of real functions in one variable, generalizations (26A51) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12)

Review text

Let \(I\) be an interval. A non-monotonic convex function \(f: I \to I\) is considered. The author proves that: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)] If \(f^2\) is convex, then \(f^n\) is convex for \(n \geq 2\). \item[(b)] \(f^2\) is convex if and only if there exists \(x_0 \in I\), where \(f\) attains the local minimum so that \(f(x_0) \geq x_0\) or \(f\) is strictly decreasing. \end{itemize}} The function \(f\) is iteratively convex if \(f\) has convex iterative roots of \(n-th\) order for \(n \geq 2\). The function \(f\) is dyadically convex if for every \(n \geq 1\) there exists a convex iterative root \(f^{\frac{1}{2^n}}\) of \(2^n-th\) order such that \(f^{\frac{1}{2^n}} \circ f^{\frac{1}{2^n}} = f^{\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}}\) for \(n \geq 1\). The function \(f\) is flowly convex if there exists an iteration semigroup \(\{f^t: t > 0\}\) of \(f\) such that functions \(f^t\) are convex. The relations among these three types of convexity are studied.

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