Subgroups of direct products closely approximated by direct sums

Abstract: Let

I

be an infinite set,

G_{i} : i i n I

be a family of (topological) groups and

G = p r o d_{i i n I} G_{i}

be its direct product. For

J s u b s e t e q I

,

p_{J} : G o p r o d_{j i n J} G_{j}

denotes the projection. We say that a subgroup

H

of

G

is: (i) emph{uniformly controllable} in

G

provided that for every finite set

J s u b s e t e q I

there exists a finite set

K s u b s e t e q I

such that

; (ii) emph{controllable} in

G

provided that

for every finite set

J s u b s e t e q I

; (iii) emph{weakly controllable} in

G

if

is dense in

H

, when

G

is equipped with the Tychonoff product topology. One easily proves that (i)

o

(ii)

o

(iii). We thoroughly investigate the question as to when these two arrows can be reversed. We prove that the first arrow can be reversed when

H

is compact, but the second arrow cannot be reversed even when

H

is compact. Both arrows can be reversed if all groups

G_{i}

are finite. When

G_{i} = A

for all

i i n I

, where

A

is an abelian group, we show that the first arrow can be reversed for {em all} subgroups

H

of

G

if and only if

A

is finitely generated. Connections with coding theory are highlighted.

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