Coincidence and self-coincidence of maps between spheres

DOI10.1007/S11784-016-0376-YMaRDI QIDQ2409467zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Duane Randall, Daciberg Lima Gonçalves

Publication date 11 October 2017

Published in Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11784-016-0376-y

coincidence homotopy groups of spheres Hopf-Hilton invariants Kervaire invariant one small deformation Stiefel fibration

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topology (55M20) Homotopy groups of spheres (55Q40) Obstruction theory in algebraic topology (55S35)

Review text

The authors continue their joint work on coincidences of maps between spheres [Bol. Soc. Mat. Mex., III. Ser. 10, 181--192 (2004; Zbl 1097.55001)] and [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 342, No. 7, 511--513 (2006; Zbl 1091.55007)]: Let \(f_1,f_2:S^m\to S^n\) be mappings (which are always assumed to be continuous and essential). Then \((f_1,f_2)\) are said to be homotopy disjoint if there are maps \(q_1,q_2:S^m\to S^n\) such that \(q_1\) (\(q_2\)) is homotopic to \(f_1\) (\(f_2)\) and \(q_1(x)\not=q_2(x)\) for all \(x\in S^m\). For \(f:S^m\to S^n\) the pair \((f,f)\) is said to be homotopy disjoint by a small deformation if for every \(\epsilon>0\) there is an \(\epsilon\)-approximation \(g:S^m\to S^n\) for \(f\) with \(f(x)\not=g(x)\) for all \(x\in S^m\). Denote by \(\iota_{2n}\in\pi_{2n}S^{2n}\) and by \(\eta_{2n}\in\pi_{2n+1}S^{2n+1}\) generators. Using heavy machinery from algebraic topology the authors prove the following results: Let \(n\not=1,2,4\) and \(f_1,f_2:S^{4n-1}\to S^{2n}\) a pair of maps and write \(f_i=k_i[\iota_{2n},\iota_{2n}]+\beta_i\). Then (1) \((f_1,f_2)\) can be made coincidence-free iff \(k_1=k_2\) and \(\beta_2=-\beta_1\). (2) If \(n\) is even and \(f_1=f_2=:f\) the pair \((f,f)\) is homotopy disjoint iff \(f\) is homotopy disjoint by a small deformation. (3) If \(n\) is odd and \((f,f)\) is homotopy disjoint then \((f,f)\) is not homotopy disjoint by a small deformation if \([f]=k[\iota_{2n},\iota_{2n}]+\beta\) with \(k\) odd and \(\beta\) is of order at most 2. Let now \(f:S^{4n}\to S^{2n}\). One says that \(f\) is of type 1 if the first Hopf-Hilton invariant \(H_0([f])=0\) and of type 2 if \(H_0([f])=\eta_{4n-1}\). Let then \(n\) be even and \(f,f_1,f_2:S^{4n}\to S^{2n}\). Then (1) if \([f_1]\) and \([f_2]\) are of type 1 then \((f_1,f_2)\) is homotopy disjoint iff \([f_1]+[f_2]=0\) and (2) if \([f_1]\) and \([f_2]\) are of type 2 then \((f_1,f_2)\) is homotopy disjoint iff \([f_1]+[f_2]=[\eta_{2n},\iota_{2n}]\). (3) If \([f_1]\) and \([f_2]\) are of different types then \((f_1,f_2)\) cannot be homotopy disjoint. (4) If \([f]\) is of type 1 then \((f,f)\) is homotopy disjoint iff \(2[f]=0\) (5) If \([f]\) is of type 2 then \((f,f)\) cannot be homotopy disjoint. In this case one can say even more: \((f,f)\) is homotopy disjoint by a small deformation iff \([f]\) belongs to the subgroup of \(\pi_{4n}S^{2n}\) consisting of \(0\) and all elements of order two and \([f]\) is of the form \((\bar{0},\epsilon_2,\dotsc,\epsilon_r)\) with \(\epsilon_j\in\{\bar{0},\bar{1}\}\). In the next section the authors study coincidences of maps into \(S^{2n}\) for \(n=1,2,4\). In the final section they provide infinitely many examples of pairs which are homotopy disjoint but not by a small deformation.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(8)

This page was built for publication: Coincidence and self-coincidence of maps between spheres

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2409467)