Cardinalities of weakly Lindelöf spaces with regular G_-diagonals

Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete subsets) (54A25) Noncompact covering properties (paracompact, Lindelöf, etc.) (54D20)

Abstract: For a Urysohn space

X

we define the regular diagonal degree

o v e r l i n e D e l t a (X)

of

X

to be the minimal infinite cardinal

k a p p a

such that

X

has a regular

G_{k} a p p a

-diagonal i.e. there is a family

(U_{e} t a : e t a < k a p p a)

of open neighborhoods of

D e l t a_{X} = (x, x) i n X^{2} : x i n X

in

X^{2}

such that

. In this paper we show that if

X

is a Urysohn space then: (1)

| X | l e q 2^{c (X) c d o t o v e r l i n e D e l t a (X)}

; (2)

| X | l e q 2^{o v e r l i n e D e l t a (X) c d o t 2^{w L (X)}}

; (3)

| X | l e w L (X)^{o v e r l i n e D e l t a (X) c d o t c h i (X)}

; and (4)

| X | l e a L (X)^{o v e r l i n e D e l t a (X)}

; where

c h i (X)

,

c (X)

,

w L (X)

and

a L (X)

are respectively the character, the cellularity, the weak Lindel"of number and the almost Lindel"of number of

X

. The first inequality extends to the uncountable case Buzyakova's result that the cardinality of a ccc-space with a regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonal does not exceed

2^{o} m e g a

. It follows from (2) that every weakly Lindel"of space with a regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonal has cardinality at most

2^{2^{o} m e g a}

. Inequality (3) implies that when

X

is a space with a regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonal then

| X | l e w L (X)^{c h i (X)}

. This improves significantly Bell, Ginsburg and Woods inequality

| X | l e 2^{c h i (X) w L (X)}

for the class of normal spaces with regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonals. In particular (3) shows that the cardinality of every first countable space with a regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonal does not exceed

w L (X)^{o} m e g a

. For the class of spaces with regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonals (4) improves Bella and Cammaroto inequality

| X | l e 2^{c h i (X) c d o t a L (X)}

, which is valid for all Urysohn spaces. Also, it follows from (4) that the cardinality of every space with a regular

G_{d} e l t a

-diagonal does not exceed

a L (X)^{o} m e g a

.

Review text

A topological space \(X\) is called \textit{Urysohn} whenever any two (different) points have disjoint closed neighbourhoods. The paper discusses the estimation of cardinalities of Urysohn spaces, using the well known cardinal functions cellularity of \(X\) and character of \(X\), as well as less known functions. Let us present the definitions of these less known cardinal functions. The \textit{weak Lindelöf number} of \(X\), denoted \(wL(X)\), is the smallest infinite cardinal \(\kappa\) such that any open cover of \(X\) contains a family of cardinality less than or equal to \(\kappa\) such that its union is dense in \(X\). The \textit{almost Lindelöf number} of \(X\), denoted \(aL(X)\), is the smallest infinite cardinal \(\kappa\) such that any open cover \(\mathcal U\) of \(X\) contains a family \(\mathcal V\) of cardinality less than or equal to \(\kappa\) such that the family which consists of closures of members of \(\mathcal V\) is a cover of \(X\). A space \(X\) has a regular \(G_\kappa\)-diagonal if there is a family \(\{U_\alpha: \alpha < \kappa\}\) of closed neighbourhoods (in \(X\times X\)) of the diagonal \(\Delta= \{(x,x): x\in X\}\) such that \[ \Delta = \bigcap\{U_\alpha: \alpha < \kappa\}. \] So, for a Urysohn space \(X\) one can define the \textit{regular diagonal degree} \(\overline{\Delta}(X)\) as the minimal infinite cardinal \(\kappa\) such that \(X\) has a regular \(G_\kappa\)-diagonal.

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