On the global Cauchy problem for the Hartree equation with rapidly decaying initial data

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05)

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The author considers the Hartree-type equation \[i u_t + \Delta u + (|\cdot|^{-\gamma}\ast |u|^2)u = 0, \qquad u(0,x)=\phi(x), \qquad (t,x)\in \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n \tag{1} \] where $n>\gamma>0$. It is well known (see, e.g., Proposition 2.3 in [\textit{R. Carles} and \textit{L. Mouzaoui}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142, No. 7, 2469--2482 (2014; Zbl 1293.35288)]) that the Cauchy problem is globally well posed if $\phi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $\gamma<\min\{2,n\}$. On the other hand, if $\phi\notin L^2$, much less is known about the solvability of (1) or other nonlinear dispersive equations. In this paper, the question is raised under which conditions on $\gamma$ and the data $\phi$, the solution $u$ possesses certain persistence properties. The main result (Theorem 1.1 to Theorem 1.11) is that $u$ possesses a ``twisted persistence property from which local and global well-posedness of (1) are inferred (see also [\textit{Y. Zhou}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, No. 9, 4683--4694 (2010; Zbl 1198.35264)] in the framework of the one-dimensional, cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation). More precisely, if $\phi\in L^p\cap L^2$ for $1\leq p \leq 2$ and $0<\gamma<\min\{p,n\}$, then there exists $T>0$ and a unique local solution $u$ in an appropriate function space such that \[ \exp(-it\Delta)u(t)\in C([0,T]:L^p\cap L^2)\,. \tag{2} \] In particular, it follows that $u(t)\in C([0,T]:L^2)$ and that the map $\phi\mapsto u(t)$ is locally Lipschitz from $L^p\cap L^2$ to $C([0,T]:L^2)$. The local solution can be extended to a global one which possesses a smoothness property in terms of spatial integrability (which is due to the faster decay of the initial data) if additionally $0<\gamma<\min\{1,n/2\}$. More precisely, $u|_{(\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\})\times\mathbb{R}^n} \in C(\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}:L^{p'})$ (cf. the dispersive estimate for the free Schrödinger equation $\|\exp(it\Delta)\phi\|_{p'}\lesssim |t|^{-n(1/p-1/2)}\|\phi\|_p$). The assumption $n/2>\gamma$ is of technical nature and is overcome in $n=1$ at the cost of restricting $2\geq p>4/3$ (Theorem 1.5 and 1.11). Local results in the mere $L^p$-space setting (more precisely, for Wiener algebras) with the property (2) have been obtained in [\textit{R. Carles} and \textit{L. Mouzaoui}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142, No. 7, 2469--2482 (2014; Zbl 1293.35288)] and [\textit{R. Hyakuna}, J. Evol. Equ. 18, No. 3, 1069--1084 (2018; Zbl 1398.35215)] if additionally $2\geq p>\max\{\frac{2n}{n-\gamma+2},\frac{2n}{n+\gamma}\}$. For $p=1$ the proof relies on the fact that the Hartree potential is a closed operation on $L^1\cap L^2$, which is readily seen after performing a certain linear transformation (Lemma 2.2, see also [\textit{R. Carles} and \textit{L. Mouzaoui}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142, No. 7, 2469--2482 (2014; Zbl 1293.35288)]), and that the factor $t^{-\gamma}$ appearing in the nonlinearity of the transformed equation is locally integrable if $\gamma<1$. These facts can however not be used if $\phi\in L^p\cap L^2$ with $p>1$ or $\gamma\geq1$. To overcome this difficulty, the author solves the equation in smaller (technical) function spaces for which useful embedding properties are shown (Lemma 1.7). The improvement of the global result in $n=1$ follows from a generalized Strichartz estimate (Lemma 7.3, see also Lemma 4 in [\textit{R. Hyakuna} and \textit{M. Tsutsumi}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 140, No. 11, 3905--3920 (2012; Zbl 1283.35126)]) which is used to prove an $L^p$ estimate of the Duhamel term of the integral equation.

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