Half-linear Sturm-Liouville problem with weights
\(p\)-LaplacianHardy inequalityoscillation theorySturm-Liouville problemvariational eigenvaluesweighted spaces
Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) Boundary value problems on infinite intervals for ordinary differential equations (34B40) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators (34L15)
The authors consider the following half-linear equation of \(p\)-Laplacian type \[ (\rho(t) |u'(t)|^{p-2}u'(t))' + \lambda \sigma(t) |u(t)|^{p-2}u(t)=0, \quad t\in (a,b),\tag{1} \] subject to the Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions \[ \lim_{t\to a+} \rho(t)|u'(t)|^{p-2}u'(t)=\lim_{t\to b-} u(t)=0.\tag{2} \] Here, \(p>1\) is a real number, \(-\infty \leq a<b\leq +\infty\), and \(\rho,\sigma: (a,b)\to (0,+\infty)\) are continuous functions. It is also assumed that \(\sigma \in L^1(a,x)\) and \(\rho^{1-q}\in L^1(x,b)\) for every \(x\in (a,b)\), where \(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1\). Definition. Problem (1)--(2) has the (S.L.) property if the following conditions are satisfied.{\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] The set of eigenvalues of (1)--(2) forms an increasing sequence \(\{\lambda_n\}_1^\infty\) such that \(\lambda_1>0\) and \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\lambda_n=+\infty\).\item[(ii)]Eeach eigenvalue is simple in the sense that all eigenfunctions associated with an eigenvalue \(\lambda_n\) are mutually proportional.\item[(iii)] The eigenfunction \(u_{\lambda_n}\) associated with \(\lambda_n\) has precisely \(n-1\) zeros in \((a,b)\) and, moreover, the zero points of \(u_{\lambda_{n-1}}\) separate the zero points of \(u_{\lambda_{n}}\) whenever \(n\geq 3\). \end{itemize}} The main result of the paper under review is the following theorem. Theorem. Problem (1)--(2) has the (S.L.) property if and only if \[ \lim_{t\to a+} \Big( \int_a^t \sigma(\tau) d\tau\Big)\Big( \int_t^b \rho^{1-q}(\tau) d\tau\Big)^{p-1}=0, \] and \[ \lim_{t\to b-} \Big( \int_a^t \sigma(\tau) d\tau\Big)\Big( \int_t^b \rho^{1-q}(\tau) d\tau\Big)^{p-1}=0. \]
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