Breather solutions in periodic media

center manifold reductions linear Bloch waves periodic coefficients persistence of homoclinic orbits in reversible systems resonance spatial dynamics formalism spectral gaps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in media with periodic structure (35B27) Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Second-order semilinear hyperbolic equations (35L71) Soliton equations (35Q51) Bifurcation problems for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K50)

Review text

The authors consider nonlinear wave equations of the form \[ s(x) u_{tt} = u_{xx} - q(x) u + u^3, \] where \(s(x)\) and \(q(x)\) are \(a\)-periodic real-valued coefficients. They choose these coefficients in such a way that the linear problem, \[ q(x) w(x) - w(x) - \omega^2 s(x) w(x) = 0, \] has finite spectral gaps near odd multiples of \(\omega_* = \frac{13 \pi}{16}\), that is, for frequencies \(\omega= (2n+1) \omega_*\), with \(n \in \mathbb N\). The only way to achieve the spectral gap assumption is to assume that the function \(s(x)\) is piecewise smooth. The spectral gap assumption gives the condition that the odd multiples of the frequency of breathers bifurcating from \(\omega_*\) are not in resonance with linear Bloch waves. Once the spectral gap assumption is satisfied, the rest of the proof on existence of breathers bifurcating from the frequency \(\omega_*\) relies on the spatial dynamics formalism, center manifold reductions, and persistence of homoclinic orbits in reversible two-dimensional dynamical systems.

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