Perturbations and expressions for generalized inverses in Banach spaces and Moore-Penrose inverses in Hilbert spaces of closed linear operators
For Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\), let \(C(X,Y)\) and \(B(X,Y)\) denote the space of all closed linear operators with a dense domain and the space of all bounded linear operators from \(X\) into \(Y\), respectively. Let \(T \in C(X,Y)\) with closed range \(R(T)\). Suppose that \(X\) is the topological direct sum of the subspaces \(N(T)\) and \(M\), and \(Y\) is the topological direct sum of the subspaces \(R(T)\) and \(L\), where \(N(T)\) denotes the null space of \(T\). Let \(P\) denote the projector of \(X\) onto \(N(T)\) along \(M\) and \(Q\) denote the projector of \(Y\) onto \(R(T)\) along \(L\). Then there is a unique operator \(S \in B(Y,X)\) satisfying the formulae \(TST=T\) on \(D(T)\); \(STS=S\) on \(Y\); \(ST=I-P\) on \(D(T)\) and \(TS=Q\) on \(Y\). In that case, \(S\) is denoted by \(T^{\dagger}\) and is called an oblique projection generalized inverse of \(T\) with respect to \(P\) and \(Q\) [cf.\ \textit{M.\,Z.\thinspace Nashed} (ed.), ``Generalized inverses and applications.\ Proceedings of an advanced seminar sponsored by the Mathematics Research Center (The University of Wisconsin, Madison, October 8--10, 1973) (1976; Zbl 0324.00009)]. One of the main perturbation results of the authors of the paper under review is as follows. Let \(T\) be as above. Suppose that \(\alpha \| T^{\dagger} \| + \beta \| TT^{\dagger} \| <1\) for some nonnegative numbers \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\). Then \(B=T^{\dagger}(I + \delta TT^{\dagger})^{-1}\) is an oblique projection generalized inverse of the perturbation operator \(\bar T=T+\delta T\) (\(\delta T\) being linear) if and only if \(R(\bar T) \cap N(T^{\dagger}) = \{0\}\). In that case, \(R(\bar T)\) is closed and the following inequality for the norm of the difference \(B-T^{\dagger}\) holds: \(\| B-T^{\dagger} \| \leq \frac{\| \delta TT^{\dagger} \|\,\| T^{\dagger} \|}{1-\| \delta TT^{\dagger} \|}\). Among other results, the authors also obtain expressions for the Moore-Penrose inverse of the perturbed operators in Hilbert spaces and provide a unified approach to deal with range preserving or null space preserving perturbations.
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