Sobolev space estimates and symbolic calculus for bilinear pseudodifferential operators

DOI10.1007/BF02922061MaRDI QIDQ2434069zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Árpád Bényi, Andrea R. Nahmod, Rodolfo H. Torres

Publication date 31 October 2006

Published in The Journal of Geometric Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922061

Pseudodifferential operators and other generalizations of partial differential operators (35S99) Multipliers for harmonic analysis in several variables (42B15) Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.) (42C10) Pseudodifferential operators (47G30)

Review text

The present paper deals with bilinear pseudodifferential operators, defined a priori from \(S (\mathbb R^{n}) \times S (\mathbb R^{n})\) into \(S' (\mathbb R^{n}),\) of the form \[ T_{\sigma} (f,g) (x) = \int_{\mathbb R^{n}} \int_{\mathbb R^{n}} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) \widehat{f} (\xi) \widehat{g} (\eta) e^{i x(\xi + \eta)} d \xi\, d \eta, \] where their symbols \(\sigma\) satisfy estimates of the form (the class \(B S_{\rho,\delta}^{m})\) \[ | \partial_{x}^{\alpha} \partial_{\xi}^{\beta} \partial_{\eta}^{\gamma} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) | \leq C_{\alpha \beta \gamma} (1 + | \xi | + | \eta | )^{m + \delta | \alpha | - \rho (| \beta | + | \gamma |)}, \] or (the class \(B S_{\rho,\delta;\theta}^{m}\)) \[ | \partial_{x}^{\alpha} \partial_{\xi}^{\beta} \partial_{\eta}^{\gamma} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) | \leq C_{\alpha \beta \gamma;\theta} (1 + | \eta - \xi \tan \theta | )^{m + \delta | \alpha | - \rho (| \beta | + | \gamma |)} \] for all \((x,\xi,\eta) \in \mathbb R^{3n}\), all multi-indices \(\alpha,\beta\) and \(\gamma,\) and some constants \(C_{\alpha \beta \gamma}\) or, respectively, \(C_{\alpha \beta \gamma;\theta}\). It is assumed that \(\theta \in (-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2})\), with the convention that \(\theta = \pi/2\) corresponds to the decay in terms of \(1 + | \xi |\) only. \(S (\mathbb R^{n})\) denotes the Schwartz space of functions and \(S' (\mathbb R^{n})\) is the space of tempered distributions. By \(\widehat{f}\) is denoted the Fourier transform of the function \(f\in S (\mathbb R^{n}).\) The authors study mainly the boundedness properties of such operators \(T_{\sigma}\). Among many other results, the authors prove that every operator \(T_{\sigma}\) with a symbol in the class \(B S_{1,1}^{m}\), \(m \geq 0,\) has a bounded extension from \(L_{m + s}^{p} \times L_{m + s}^{q}\) into \(L_{s}^{r},\) provided that \(1/p + 1/q = 1/r\), \(1 < p,q,r < \infty,\) and \(s > 0.\) Moreover, \[ \| T_{\sigma} (f,g) \|_{L_{s}^{r}} \leq C (p,q,r,s,n,m,\sigma) \left(\| f \|_{L_{m + s}^{p}} \| g \|_{L^{q}} + \| f \|_{L^{p}} \| g \|_{L_{m + s}^{q}}\right). \] A symbolic calculus for the transposes of bilinear pseudodifferential operators and for the composition of linear pseudodifferential operators is also presented.

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