Bi-parameter paraproducts

Abstract: In the first part of the paper we prove a bi-parameter version of a well known multilinear theorem of Coifman and Meyer. As a consequence, we generalize the Kato-Ponce inequality in nonlinear PDE, obtaining a fractional Leibnitz rule for derivatives in the

x_{1}

and

x_{2}

directions simultaneously. Then, we show that the double bilinear Hilbert transform does not satisfy any

L^{p}

estimates.

Review text

Let \(m\) be a bounded symbol on \(\mathbb R^4\), smooth away from the origin and such that \[ | \partial^{\alpha_1}_{\xi_1}\partial^{\alpha_2}_{\xi_2}\partial^{\beta_1}_{\eta_1}\partial^{\beta_2}_{\eta_2} m(\xi,\eta)\leq C| (\xi_1,\eta_1)| ^{-\alpha_1-\beta_1}| (\xi_2,\eta_2)| ^{-\alpha_2-\beta_2}, \] and denote \[ T(f,g)(x):= \int m(\xi,\eta)\widehat f(\xi)g(\eta)e^{2\pi i x(\xi+\eta)}\, d\xi\, d\eta. \] The main result of the paper states that \(T:L^p\times L^q\to L^r\) as long as \(1<p,q\leq \infty\), \(0<r<\infty\) and \(1/r=1/p+1/q\). To prove this fact, first \(T\) is discretized to a bi-parameter general paraproduct, and then a new technique in introduced to present a proof of the classical one-parameter case. This technique turns out to be very helpfull to handle an error term in the proof of the main theorem. The paper also contains two counterexamples concerning the double bilinear Hilbert transform \[ B(f,g):= \int f(x-t,y-s)g(x+t,y+s)(dt/t)(ds/s) \] and the trilinear operator \[ V(f,g,h)(x):= \int_{\xi_1<\xi_2<\xi_3} \widehat f(\xi_1)\widehat g(\xi_2)\widehat h(\xi_3) e^{2\pi i x(\xi_1-\xi_2+xi_3)} \, d\xi_1\, d\xi_2\, d\xi_3. \] The last part of the article contains some further comments and open questions.

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