Multi-linear operators given by singular multipliers

DOI10.1090/S0894-0347-01-00379-4MaRDI QIDQ2781203zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Camil Muscalu, Christoph Thiele, Terence Tao

Publication date 19 March 2002

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9910039

\(L^p\)-boundedness Fourier multipliers maximal function multilinear operator singular integral weak-type estimates

Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.) (42B20) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Integral operators (47G10) Multilinear and polynomial operators (47H60)

Abstract: We prove L^p estimates for a large class of multi-linear operators, which includes the multi-linear paraproducts studied by Coifman and Meyer, as well as the bilinear Hilbert transform.

Review text

The authors study \(L^{p}\)-boundedness for a class of multilinear operators \(T_{m}\) defined in terms of Fourier multipliers \(m\) by NEWLINE\[NEWLINE (T_{m}(f_{1},\dots ,f_{n-1}))^{\wedge }(-\xi _{n})=\int \delta (\xi _{1}+\dots +\xi _{n})m(\xi)\hat{f}_{1}(\xi _{1})\cdots \hat{f}_{n-1}(\xi _{n-1}) d\xi _{1}\cdots d\xi _{n-1}. NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\xi =(\xi _{1},\dots ,\xi _{n})\). Expressing \(T_{m}\) this way allows one to obtain bounds for \(T_{m}\) by interpolating from restricted weak-type estimates for the \(n\)-linear form NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Lambda _{m}(f_{1},\dots ,f_{n})=\int T_{m}(f_{1},\dots ,f_{n-1})(x)f_{n}(x) dx.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE One says that \(\Lambda \) is of restricted weak-type \(\alpha =(\alpha _{1},\dots ,\alpha _{n})\) provided NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|\Lambda (f_{1},\dots ,f_{n})|\leq C|E_{1}|^{\alpha _{1}}\cdots |E_{n}|^{\alpha _{n}}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(|f_{i}|\leq 1\) on its support \(E_{i}\). Here one thinks of \(\alpha _{i}=\frac{1}{p_{i}}\). In order to obtain operator bounds \(T_{m}:L^{p_{1}}\times \cdots \times L^{p_{n-1}}\rightarrow L^{p_{n}'}\) that allow \(p_{n}<0\) one must allow \(\alpha _{n}<0\) . Moreover, one only needs \(|f_{n}|\leq 1\) on the complement of an exceptional subset of \(E_{n}\) where the maximal function of \(\chi _{E_{n}}\) is large. Dilation structure imposes the added condition \( \sum \alpha _{i}=1\). Once a restricted weak-type estimate is established, multilinear interpolation is used to pass to \(L^{p}\)-estimates. \ The restricted weak-type estimates in the current work are based on certain Carleson type tile-norms similar to ones used by the authors in previous work on bilinear singular integrals. Here those Carleson-type estimates are extended to multi-tiles. These are products of tiles -- essentially dyadic time-frequency rectangles of unit area -- in which each tile in the product shares same time interval. The authors consider symbols \(m\) that can have singularities along a subspace \(\Gamma '\) in \(\Gamma =\{\xi :\xi _{1}+\dots +\xi _{n}=0\}\) having dimension \(k<n/2\) while satisfying symbol estimates \(|\partial _{\xi }^{\alpha }m(\xi)|\leq C_{\alpha }\text{dist} (\xi ,\Gamma ')^{-|\alpha |}\). Suppose for convenience that \(\Gamma '\) is parameterized in terms of \(\xi _{1},\dots ,\xi _{k}\). It is shown that under these conditions \(T_{m}\) continuously maps \(L^{p_{1}}\times \dots \times L^{p_{n-1}}\) into \(L^{p_{n}}\) provided (i) \(1<p_{i}\leq \infty (i=1,\dots ,n-1)\), (ii) \(1/(n-1)<p_{n}'<\infty \), and (iii) \( \frac{1}{p_{1}}+\dots +\frac{1}{p_{n}}=1\). In addition, (iv) \(\frac{1}{p_{i_{1}}} +\dots +\frac{1}{p_{i_{r}}}<\frac{n-2k+r}{2}\) for all choices of \(1\leq i_{1}<\dots <i_{r}\leq n\) and \(1\leq r\leq n\). The range of exponents (i)-(iii) is familiar from work of \textit{C. E. Kenig} and \textit{E. M. Stein} [Math. Res. Lett. 6, No. 1, 1-15; 6, No. 3-4, 467 (1999; Zbl 0952.42005)]. The role of the singularity was clarified by \textit{J. E. Gilbert} and \textit{A. R. Nahmod} [J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 7, No. 5, 435-467 (2001; preceding review)] who proved the result for the case \(n=3\) and \(k=1\). The present work involves an induction on \(k\). The endpoint case \(k=n/2\) is still open when \(n\) is even, although the authors prove a substitute in which \(L^{p_{i}}\) is replaced by the Wiener algebra in enough coordinates.

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