Invariant distributions and cohomology for geodesic flows and higher cohomology of higher-rank Anosov actions

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2013.05.010MaRDI QIDQ2436742zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Felipe A. Ramírez

Publication date 26 February 2014

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.0475

zbMATH Keywords

Anosov actionsKatok-Katok conjectureLivsic theorempartially hyperbolic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamics induced by group actions other than (mathbb{Z}) and (mathbb{R}), and (mathbb{C}) (37C85) Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings (37D30) Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) (37D40)

Abstract: We are motivated by a conjecture of A. and S. Katok to study the smooth cohomologies of a family of Weyl chamber flows. The conjecture is a natural generalization of the Livshitz Theorem to Anosov actions by higher-rank abelian groups; it involves a description of top-degree cohomology and a vanishing statement for lower degrees. Our main result, proved in Part II, verifies the conjecture in lower degrees for our systems, and steps in the "correct" direction in top degree. In Part I we study our "base case": geodesic flows of finite-volume hyperbolic manifolds. We describe obstructions (invariant distributions) to solving the coboundary equation in unitary representations of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic N-space, and we study Sobolev regularity of solutions. (One byproduct is a smooth Livshitz Theorem for geodesic flows of hyperbolic manifolds with cusps.) Part I provides the tools needed in Part II for the main theorem.

Review text

Let \(\{ \varphi_t\}\) be an Anosov \(\mathbb R^1\)-action, or flow, on a compact Riemannian manifold \(M\), and let \(X\) be the smooth vector field on \(M\) with flow transformations \(\{\varphi_t\}\). Let a \(C^\infty\) function \(f:M\rightarrow\mathbb R\) be given. The Livsic theorem states that there is a continuous function \(g:M\rightarrow\mathbb R\) such that \(Xg=f\Leftrightarrow\int_{\gamma} f=0\) for any smooth closed curve \(\gamma\). In fact, a \(C^\infty\) solution function \(g\) exists. The extension of the Livsic theorem to Anosov \(\mathbb R^d\)-actions, \(d\geq 2\), has occupied many people, and is guided by the following conjecture of \textit{A. Katok} and \textit{S. Katok} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 15, No. 3, 569--592 (1995; Zbl 0851.57039)]: Let \(\alpha\) be a standard partially hyperbolic action of \(\mathbb R^d\) on a finite-volume Riemannian manifold \(M\). Then for \(1\leq n\leq d-1\) the smooth \(n\)-cohomology of \(\alpha\) is trivial. Moreover, the only obstructions to solving the degree-\(d\) coboundary equation come from integration over closed orbits. In the present article, the author gives a partial affirmative answer to the conjecture for certain finite volume, irreducible quotients of products of real hyperbolic spaces. More precisely, let \(G=G_1\times\dots\times G_d\), where \(G_i=\mathrm{SO}(N_i,1)_0,N_i\geq 2\) for \(1\leq i\leq d\). Let \(\Gamma\) be an irreducible lattice in \(G\). Let \(X_i\) be a semisimple element of \(\mathfrak G_i\), the Lie algebra of \(\mathfrak G_i\), and let \(M_i\) be the centralizer of \(X_i\) in the maximal compact subgroup \(K_i=\mathrm{SO}(N_i)\subset G_i\). Let \(M=M_i\times\dots\times M_d\). Then \(A= \mathbb R^d\) acts on \(M\backslash G/\Gamma\) by flowing along \(X_1,\dots,X_d\). The \(\mathbb R^d\)-flow of A is Anosov and is an example of a Weyl chamber flow. Let \(\mathbb H^N\) denote the real hyperbolic space of dimension \(N\) and constant sectional curvature \(-1\). Let \(M\) be a finite-volume, irreducible quotient of \(H^{N_1}\times\dots\times H^{N_d}\), where \(N_i\geq 2\) for all \(i\). Let \(SM\) denote the unit tangent bundle of \(M\). The main result of the article has two parts: 1) If \(f\in C^\infty(L^2(SM))\) lies in the kernel of every \(A\)-invariant distribution, then there exist smooth functions \(g_1,\dots,g_d\) in \(C^\infty(L^2(SM))\) such that \(X_1(g_1)+\dots +X_d(g_d)=f\). 2) The smooth cohomology of the \(A\)-action on \(SM\) is trivial for \(1\leq n\leq d-1\). The condition 1) is stronger than the obstruction to solving the degree-\(d\) coboundary condition of the Katok-Katok conjecture. The author previously proved the result above in the special case \(N_i=2\) for all \(i\). In the present article, the author considers the representation theory of \(\mathrm{SO}(N,1)\) on the Hilbert space \(\mathfrak H=L^2(\mathrm{SO}(N,1)/\Gamma)\), where \(\Gamma\) is a lattice in \(\mathrm{SO}(N,1)\). A central theme is to solve the equation \(X(g)=f\), where \(X\in\mathfrak G\), the Lie algebra of \(\mathrm{SO}(N,1)\), and \(f\in C^\infty(\mathfrak H)\) are given.

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Cited in

(8)

• New time-changes of unipotent flows on quotients of Lorentz groups
• Higher cohomology of parabolic actions on certain homogeneous spaces
• Cohomological equations of Riemannian flows and the Anosov diffeomorphism
• Spectral rigidity and invariant distributions on Anosov surfaces
• Higher cohomology for Anosov actions on certain homogeneous spaces
• Synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) grafted TiO2 nanotube composite
• Livshitz theorem for the unitary frame flow
• The cohomological equation and invariant distributions for horocycle maps

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