Liouville-type theorems for the fourth order nonlinear elliptic equation

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2013.12.001MaRDI QIDQ2437983zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 March 2014

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.0047

blowing down sequence monotonicity formula Pohozaev-type identity stable or finite Morse index solutions

Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems in context of PDEs (35B53) Higher-order elliptic equations (35J30) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61)

Abstract: In this paper, we are concerned with Liouville-type theorems for the nonlinear elliptic equation {equation*} Delta^2 u=|x|^a |u|^{p-1}u; {in}; Omega, {equation*}where

a g e 0

,

p > 1

and

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{n}

is an unbounded domain of

m a t h b b R^{n}

,

n g e 5

. We prove Liouville-type theorems for solutions belonging to one of the following classes: stable solutions and finite Morse index solutions (whether positive or sign-changing). Our proof is based on a combination of the {it Pohozaev-type identity}, {it monotonicity formula} of solutions and a {it blowing down} sequence, which is used to obtain sharper results.

Review text

The goal of this work focuses on Liouville theorem for both a class of stable solutions and a class of finite Morse index solutions. Precisely, the author considers the nonlinear equation \[ (*): \Delta^2u=|x|^a|u|^{p-1}u,\text{ for }x\in\Omega \] an unbounded set of \(\mathbb R^n\), such that \(a\) is a positive number, \(p>1\), \(n\geq 5\). The author shows that if \(u\) is a smooth stable solution of \((*)\) in \(\mathbb R^n\) for \(p<p_a(n)\) (this upper bound of \(p\) is given in terms of the largest root of an explicit cubic equation), then \(u\) vanishes. Regarding the proof, the author shows that a smooth stable solution \(u\) vanishes in the following three cases. 1) The subcritical case, specially when \(1<p<\frac{n+4+2a}{n-4}\), the author uses the third inequality of Lemma 2.2, which states that, \(\varphi(x):=\int_{B_R(x)}\big(|\Delta u|^2+|y|^a|u|^{p+1}\big)dy\) goes to zero for a large radius \(R\) of the ball centered at \(x\), \(B_R(x)\). 2) The critical case \(p=\frac{n+4+2a}{n-4}\), the author uses the second inequality of the Lemma 2.2 and shows that \(\varphi(x)\) vanishes. 3) The supercritical case \(\frac{n+4+2a}{n-4}<p<p_a(n)\), the author sets up a non-decreasing energy function -- given explicitly --, see Theorem 2.1, and later the author shows that (on \(B_R(x)\setminus\{0\}\)) \(u\) is homogeneous of degree \(-\frac{4+a}{p-1}\). Subsequently, the author applies Theorem 3.1 which copes with a non-existence result of homogeneous stable solution associated to \((*)\). Then, the author substitutes smooth stable solutions by smooth solutions with a finite Morse index and obtains both a null solution of \((*)\) for \(p\neq\frac{n+4+2a}{n-4}\) and a solution of \((*)\) with a finite energy for the case \(p=\frac{n+4+2a}{n-4}\), this by using a Pohozaev-type identity.

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