Examples of sets with given approximation properties in WCG-space
Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) (41A65) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Compactness in Banach (or normed) spaces (46B50) Applications of functional analysis in optimization, convex analysis, mathematical programming, economics (46N10)
A nonempty subset \(M\) of a Banach space \(X\) is called approximatively compact if for every \(x\in X\) every sequence \((y_n)\) in \(M\) such that \(\|y_n-x\|\to \rho(x,M):=\inf\{\|x-y\| : y\in Y\}\) contains a subsequence converging to some \(z\in M\). It is obvious that this element is nearest to \(x\) in \(M,\) written as \, \(z\in P_M(x).\) The approximative compactness is a very important notion in best approximation theory -- existence and uniqueness, continuity properties of the metric projection \(P_M\). A question studied by several authors is the existence of approximatively compact, not compact sets. In this paper, the author shows that every infinite-dimensional weakly compactly generated (WCG) Banach space contains an approximatively compact not locally compact set. In the case of separable infinite-dimensional Banach spaces (which are WCG), such examples were found by the author [Russ. Math. Surv. 49, No. 4, 153--154 (1994); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 49, No. 4(298), 157--158 (1994; Zbl 0883.46008)] (approximatively compact not compact) and \textit{I. A. Pyatyshev} [Russ. Math. Surv. 62, No. 5, 1007--1008 (2007); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 62, No. 5, 163--164 (2007; Zbl 1147.46019)] (approximatively compact not locally compact). The author [Mosc. Univ. Math. Bull. 54, No. 4, 18--20 (1999); translation from Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. I 1999, No. 5, 19--21 (1999; Zbl 0974.41011)] has also shown that every reflexive Banach space (which is WCG, too) contains an approximatively compact convex body. Two related open problems are posed: the existence of non-trivial Chebyshev sets in any Banach space, and the existence of an approximatively compact not boundedly compact set in any infinite-dimensional Banach space.
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