A direct connection between the Bergman and Szegő projections
The author studies the connection between the Bergman projection from \(L^2(\Omega )\) to \(A^2(\Omega )\) (the Bergman space) and the Szegő projection from \(L^2(\partial \Omega )\) to \(H^2(\partial \Omega )\) (the Hardy space), for different types of domains \(\Omega \) in the complex space. According to the author, it is natural to suspect a close relationship between those two fundamental projection operators, connected with a given domain \(\Omega \) in \(\mathbb{C}\) or in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). The author concentrates on three cases: when \(\Omega \) is the unit disc \(D\) in the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\), when \(\Omega \) is the unit ball in the \(n\)-dimensional complex space, and finally, when \(\Omega \) is a strongly pseudoconvex domain in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). For the case \(\Omega = D \subset \mathbb{C}\), the author, providing detailed calculations, and using the Stokes formula, obtains an expression connecting the Szegő integral \[ \frac 1{2\pi } \int _{\partial D} f(\zeta )S(z,\zeta )d\sigma (\zeta ), \] and the Bergman integral \[ \mathcal{A} = \int _D f(\zeta )K(z,\zeta )dA (\zeta ), \] where \(S(z,\zeta ) = \frac 1{2\pi } \frac 1{1-z \overline \zeta }\) and \(K(z,\zeta ) = \frac 1{\pi } \frac 1{(1-z \overline \zeta )^2}\) are respectively the Szegő kernel and the Bergman kernel. The formula is: \[ \frac 1{2\pi } \int _{\partial D} f(\zeta )S(z,\zeta )d\sigma (\zeta ) = \mathcal{A}- \mathcal{B}+\mathcal{C}+\mathcal{D}, \] where \(\mathcal{B}\) and \(\mathcal{D}\) are integral smoothing operators (i.e., their kernels have singularities less than the top order), and \(\mathcal{C}\) is some projection operator of the form \[ \frac 1{4\pi i} \int \int _D \frac {f(\zeta ) z \overline \zeta }{(1-z\zeta )^2} d\zeta \wedge d\overline \zeta . \] The investigations in the next part of the paper concern the relationship between the Szegő and the Bergman projections for the unit ball \(B\) in the \(n\)-dimensional complex space \(\mathbb{C}^n\). The formula, obtained also by very detailed calculations using the Stokes theorem, shows that, like in the case of the unit disc in \(\mathbb{C}\), the Szegő projection in the case of the unit ball is equal to the sum of the Bergman projection and several integral operators, among them one is of projection type, whereas the others are smoothing operators. In the next part of the paper, a similar statement is obtained for strongly pseudoconvex domains in \(\mathbb{C}^n\); the difference between the Szegő and the Bergman projections in such domains is expressed as a sum of some operators of projection type and smoothing operators. To prove this, the author uses the fundamental result of Fefferman on the asymptotic behaviour of the defining functions for strongly pseudoconvex domains.
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