Joint spectrum and joint distribution

DOI10.1007/S11785-012-0258-2MaRDI QIDQ2440931zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shuilin Jin, Li Xu, Qinghua Jiang

Publication date 20 March 2014

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11785-012-0258-2

faithful state joint distribution joint spectrum

Noncommutative probability and statistics (46L53) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Several-variable operator theory (spectral, Fredholm, etc.) (47A13)

Review text

\(({\mathcal A}, \phi)\) is called a noncommutative \(C^\ast\)-probability space if \(\mathcal A\) is a \(C^\ast\)-algebra and \(\phi\) is a state. A state \(\phi\) is called faithful if for any positive \(a\in{\mathcal A}\), \(\phi(a)>0\). The following definition of independence is due to Voiculescu. A family of unital subalgebras \(({\mathcal A}_i)_{i\in I}\) in a noncommutative probability space \(({\mathcal A},\phi)\) is independent if, for distinct indices \(i\) and \(j\), the algebras \({\mathcal A}_i\), \({\mathcal A}_j\) commute and \(\phi(a_1\dots a_k)=\phi(a_1)\dots\phi(a_k)\) whenever \(a_k\in {\mathcal A}_{i(k)}\), \(1\leq k\leq n\) and \(k\neq l\Rightarrow i(k)\neq i(l)\). The distribution of \(a\in{\mathcal A}\) is the linear functional on the polynomials in the indeterminate \(X\) given by \(\mu_a(P)=\phi(P(a))\). If \((a_i)_{i\in I}\) is a family of noncommutative random variables in \(({\mathcal A},\phi)\), then the linear functional \(\mu_{(a_i)_{i\in I}}\) on the polynomials in the noncommuting indeterminates \((X_i)_{i\in I}\) given by \(\mu_{(a_i)_{i\in I}}=\phi(P((a_i)_{i\in I}))\) is the joint distribution of \((a_i)_{i\in I}\). The Taylor joint spectrum of operators \(T_1,\dots,T_n\) will be denoted by \(Sp(T_1,\dots,T_n)\), while \(\sigma(T_i)\) will stand for the usual spectrum of \(T_i\). The authors study relations between the independence, the Taylor joint spectrum, and the joint distribution. They prove the following: {Theorem.} Let \(({\mathcal A}_i)_{i=1}^n\) be mutually commuting unital \(C^\ast\)-subalgebras of \({\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})\), where \(\mathcal H\) is a separable Hilbert space. The following statements are equivalent:{\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] for all \(T_i\in{\mathcal A}_i\), \(Sp(T_1,\dots,T_n)=\sigma(T_1)\times\dots\times\sigma(T_n)\);\item[(2)] for any selfadjoint operators \(A_i\in{\mathcal A}_i\), there is a faithful state \(\phi\) on the \(C^\ast\)-algebra \(C^\ast(A_1,\dots,A_n)\) generated by these operators such that \[ \mu_{(A_1,\dots,A_n)}(P_1,\dots,P_n)=\mu_{A_1}(P_1)\dots\mu_{A_n}(P_n); \] \item[(3)] for any selfadjoint operators \(A_i\in{\mathcal A}_i\) there is a faithful state \(\phi\) on the algebra \(C^\ast(A_1,\dots,A_n)\) such that the algebras \((C^\ast(A_i))_{i=1}^n\) are independent in \((C^\ast(A_1,\dots,A_n),\phi)\). \end{itemize}} Moreover, they discuss relations between the independence and the \(C^\ast\)-in\-de\-pen\-den\-ce in the product sense.

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