Equivariant Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality and the Cohen-Macaulay property

Atiyah-Bredon complex Cohen-Macaulay modules equivariant cohomology equivariant homology homology manifolds Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality torus actions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cohen-Macaulay modules (13C14) Equivariant homology and cohomology in algebraic topology (55N91) Equivariant algebraic topology of manifolds (57R91)

Abstract: We prove a Poincare-Alexander-Lefschetz duality theorem for rational torus-equivariant cohomology and rational homology manifolds. We allow non-compact and non-orientable spaces. We use this to deduce certain short exact sequences in equivariant cohomology, originally due to Duflot in the differentiable case, from similar, but more general short exact sequences in equivariant homology. A crucial role is played by the Cohen-Macaulayness of relative equivariant cohomology modules arising from the orbit filtration.

Review text

Let \(T=(S^1)^r\) be a torus. For a pair \((X,A)\) of \(T\)-spaces, the equivariant cohomology with rational coefficients can be defined as \(H_{T}^{\ast}(X,A):=H^{\ast}(X_T, A_T;\mathbb{Q}),\) where \(X_T=(ET\times X)/T\) denotes the Borel construction. In a previous article [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366, No. 12, 6567--6589 (2014; Zbl 1304.55005)] the authors introduced the equivariant homology \(H_{n-\ast}^{T}(X, A)\) using the singular Cartan model and proved an equivariant version of Poincaré duality. In contrast to \(H_{T}^{\ast}(X,A)\), the homology \(H_{n-\ast}^{T}(X, A)\) is not the homology of the Borel construction. Note that a version of equivariant Poincaré duality for a finite group action can be found in [\textit{S. R. Costenoble} and \textit{S. Waner}, Mich. Math. J. 39, No. 2, 325--351 (1992; Zbl 0765.55003)]. In the paper under review, the authors generalise the classical Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality for rational torus equivariant cohomology. It is proved that there is an isomorphism \[ H_{T}^{\ast}(X\setminus B,X\setminus A)\cong H_{n-\ast}^{T,c}(A,B), \] where \(X\) is an orientable \(n\)-dimensional rational homology manifold with a \(T\)-action and \((A,B)\) is a closed \(T\)-stable pair in \(X\). The homology on the right hand side is equivariant homology with closed support. A non-orientable version with twisted coefficients is also proved here. For a \(T\)-space \(X\), the equivariant \(i\)-skeleton \(X_i\subset X\) is the union of all \(T\)-orbits of dimension at most \(i\). The authors prove that there is an exact sequence \[ 0\to H_{\ast}^T(X_i)\to H_{\ast}^T(X)\to H_{\ast}^T(X,X_i), 0\leq i\leq r, \] for any \(T\)-space \(X\). Moreover if \(X\) is a rational homology manifold then, using the equivariant Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality, the authors shows that there is an exact sequence \[ 0\to H_{\ast}^T(X,X\setminus X_i)\to H_{\ast}^T(X)\to H_{\ast}^T(X\setminus X_i), 0\leq i\leq r. \] This is a generalisation of a result of Duflot for a smooth toral actions on differentiable manifolds [\textit{J. Duflot}, Topology 22, 253--265 (1983; Zbl 0536.57020)]. They authors also extend their study of the Atiyah-Bredon complex and syzygies in equivariant cohomology, as done in their previous paper [loc. cit.].

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