Equivariant Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality and the Cohen-Macaulay property (Q2444352)

Let \(T=(S^1)^r\) be a torus. For a pair \((X,A)\) of \(T\)-spaces, the equivariant cohomology with rational coefficients can be defined as \(H_{T}^{\ast}(X,A):=H^{\ast}(X_T, A_T;\mathbb{Q}),\) where \(X_T=(ET\times X)/T\) denotes the Borel construction. In a previous article [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366, No. 12, 6567--6589 (2014; Zbl 1304.55005)] the authors introduced the equivariant homology \(H_{n-\ast}^{T}(X, A)\) using the singular Cartan model and proved an equivariant version of Poincaré duality. In contrast to \(H_{T}^{\ast}(X,A)\), the homology \(H_{n-\ast}^{T}(X, A)\) is not the homology of the Borel construction. Note that a version of equivariant Poincaré duality for a finite group action can be found in [\textit{S. R. Costenoble} and \textit{S. Waner}, Mich. Math. J. 39, No. 2, 325--351 (1992; Zbl 0765.55003)]. In the paper under review, the authors generalise the classical Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality for rational torus equivariant cohomology. It is proved that there is an isomorphism \[ H_{T}^{\ast}(X\setminus B,X\setminus A)\cong H_{n-\ast}^{T,c}(A,B), \] where \(X\) is an orientable \(n\)-dimensional rational homology manifold with a \(T\)-action and \((A,B)\) is a closed \(T\)-stable pair in \(X\). The homology on the right hand side is equivariant homology with closed support. A non-orientable version with twisted coefficients is also proved here. For a \(T\)-space \(X\), the equivariant \(i\)-skeleton \(X_i\subset X\) is the union of all \(T\)-orbits of dimension at most \(i\). The authors prove that there is an exact sequence \[ 0\to H_{\ast}^T(X_i)\to H_{\ast}^T(X)\to H_{\ast}^T(X,X_i), 0\leq i\leq r, \] for any \(T\)-space \(X\). Moreover if \(X\) is a rational homology manifold then, using the equivariant Poincaré-Alexander-Lefschetz duality, the authors shows that there is an exact sequence \[ 0\to H_{\ast}^T(X,X\setminus X_i)\to H_{\ast}^T(X)\to H_{\ast}^T(X\setminus X_i), 0\leq i\leq r. \] This is a generalisation of a result of Duflot for a smooth toral actions on differentiable manifolds [\textit{J. Duflot}, Topology 22, 253--265 (1983; Zbl 0536.57020)]. They authors also extend their study of the Atiyah-Bredon complex and syzygies in equivariant cohomology, as done in their previous paper [loc. cit.].