Optimal control problem of treatment for obesity in a closed population

Summary: Variety of intervention programs for controlling the obesity epidemic has been done worldwide. However, it is still not yet available a scientific tool to measure the effectiveness of those programs. This is due to the difficulty in parameterizing the human interaction and transition process of obesity. A dynamical model for simulating the interaction between healthy people, overweight people, and obese people in a randomly mixed population is discussed in here. Two scenarios of intervention programs were implemented in the model, dietary program for overweight people with healthy life campaign and treatment program for obese people. Assuming all control rates are constant, disease free equilibrium point, endemic equilibrium point, and basic reproductive ratio \((\mathcal R_0)\) as the epidemic indicator were shown analytically. We find that the disease free equilibrium point is locally asymptotical stable if and only if \(\mathcal R_0 < 1\). From sensitivity analysis of \(\mathcal R_0\), we obtain that larger rate of dietary program and treatment program will reduce \(\mathcal R_0\) significantly. With control rates are continuous in time, an optimal control approach was applied into the model to find the best way to minimize the number of overweight and obese people. Some numerical analysis and simulations for optimal control of the intervention were shown to support the analytical results.

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