The moduli space of even surfaces of general type with K^2=8, p_g=4 and q=0

Abstract: We settle the first step for the classification of surfaces of general type with K^2 = 8, p_g = 4 and q = 0, classifying the even surfaces (K is 2-divisible). The first even surfaces of general type with

K^{2} = 8

,

p_{g} = 4

and

q = 0

were found by Oliverio as complete intersections of bidegree (6,6) in a weighted projective space P(1,1,2,3,3). In this article we prove that the moduli space of even surfaces of general type with K^2 = 8, p_g = 4 and q = 0 consists of two 35 -dimensional irreducible components intersecting in a codimension one subset (the first of these components is the closure of the open set considered by Oliverio). For the surfaces in the second component the canonical models are always singular, hence we get a new example of generically nonreduced moduli spaces. Our result gives a posteriori a complete description of the half-canonical rings of the above even surfaces. The method of proof is, we believe, the most interesting part of the paper. After describing the graded ring of a cone we are able, combining the explicit description of some subsets of the moduli space, some deformation theoretic arguments, and finally some local algebra arguments, to describe the whole moduli space. This is the first time that the classification of a class of surfaces can only be done using moduli theory: up to now first the surfaces were classified, on the basis of some numerical inequalities, or other arguments, and later on the moduli spaces were investigated.

Review text

A complex surface of general type \(X\) is called \textit{even} if the canonical class \(K_X\) is divisible by 2 in the Picard group of \(X\). This is a topological condition, and an even surface is automatically minimal. The paper under review studies even surfaces with \(K^2_X=8\), \(p_g(X):=h^0(K_X)=4\) and \(q(X):=h^1(\mathcal O_X)=0\). The main result of the paper is the description of the moduli space \(\mathcal M^{\mathrm{ev}}_{8,4,0}\) of such surfaces: -- \(\mathcal M^{\mathrm{ev}}_{8,4,0}\) is connected and it is the union of two components \(\mathcal M_1\) and \(\mathcal M_2\) of dimension 35, meeting in a codimension 1 subvariety. -- the canonical system of the general surface in \(\mathcal M_1\) is free, while the canonical system of every surface in \(\mathcal M_2\) has base points. The canonical model of a surface \(X\) of \(\mathcal M_1\) is a codimension 2 complete intersection in a suitable weighted projective space, and is smooth for \(X\) general; the canonical model of every surface of \(\mathcal M_2\) is instead singular, hence \(\mathcal M_2\) is everywhere non reduced. An interesting consequence of the connectedness of \(\mathcal M^{\mathrm{ev}}_{8,4,0}\) and of the description of the canonical model of surfaces in \(\mathcal M_1\) is that all surfaces in \(\mathcal M^{\mathrm{ev}}_{8,4,0}\) are simply connected. The surfaces of \(\mathcal M_1\) had already been described by \textit{P. A. Oliverio} [Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 113, 1--14 (2005; Zbl 1121.14034)].

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