Invariant subspaces and kernels of Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space

Let \(L^2(\mathbb{D}, dA)\) denote the Hilbert space of complex-valued, absolute square-integrable, Lebesgue measurable functions \(f\) on the open unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\) and let \(L^\infty(\mathbb{D}, dA)\) denote the Banach space of Lebesgue measurable functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb{D}\) with \[ \|f\|_{\infty}= \text{ess sup}\{|f(z): z\in \mathbb{D}|\}<\infty. \] The Bergman space \(L^{2}_{a}(\mathbb{D})\) consists of all analytic functions \(f\in L^2(\mathbb{D}, dA)\). Let \(\overline{L^{2}_{a}}=\{\overline{f}: f\in L^{2}_{a}\}\) and the space \(L^{2}_{h}\) be defined as \(L^{2}_{h}= L^{2}_{a} \oplus \overline{L^{2}_{a}}\). For \(\phi \in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})\), the Toeplitz operator \(T_{\phi}\) is defined as \(T_{\phi}f = P(\phi f)\), \(f\in L^{2}_{a}(\mathbb{D})\), where \(P\) represents the orthogonal projection from \(L^{2}(\mathbb{D}, dA)\) onto \(L^{2}(\mathbb{D})\). In this paper, the author shows that, if \(0\neq \phi \in (L^{2}_{h})^{\perp} \cap L^{\infty}\), then \(\ker T_{\phi}=\ker T^*_{\phi}= \text{sp}\{1\}\). Moreover, the author shows that there exists no finite rank nonzero Toeplitz operator with bounded symbol on the Bergman space. It follows that, if \(0\neq \phi \in (L^{2}_{h})^{\perp} \cap L^{\infty}\) and \(T_{\phi}\) has closed range, then \(T_{\phi}\) is Fredholm and of index zero, but it is not invertible as \(T_{\phi}1=0\). Further, it is shown that the kernel of a Toeplitz operator may not be an invariant subspace of the Bergman space \(L^{2}_a(\mathbb{D})\). Also, the author shows that, if \(\phi\in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})\) and \(T_{\phi}\) is a finite rank Toeplitz operator, then \(\phi\) must be identically zero.

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