On the genus of generalized unit and unitary Cayley graphs of a commutative ring

Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Structural characterization of families of graphs (05C75) Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras (13E10) Structure of finite commutative rings (13M05)

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Let \(R\) be a ring with unity, \(G\) be a subgroup of its multiplicative group \(U(R)\), and \(S \subseteq G\) such that \(S^{-1} \subseteq S\). The graph \(\Gamma(R, G, S)\) is a simple graph with vertex set \(R\) such that two distinct vertices \(x\) and \(y\) are adjacent if and only if there exists \(s \in S\) such that \(x + sy \in G\). This is a common generalization of the unit graph \(\Gamma(R, U(R),\{1\})\) and the unitary Cayley graph \(\Gamma(R, U(R),\{-1\})\). The genus of a graph \(\Gamma\) is the smallest \(g\) for which \(\Gamma\) can be embedded into the sphere with \(g\) handles. Several recent papers characterize all commutative finite or commutative Artinian rings for which some of these graphs have genus zero. This paper characterizes all commutative Artinian rings \(R\) for which \(\Gamma(R, U(R), S)\) has genus one. In particular, all such rings are finite with \(| J(R)| \leq 4\) and \(| U(R)| \leq 7\). The proof is essentially going over all of these rings one by one.

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