A quadratic differential identity with generalized derivations on multilinear polynomials in prime rings.

Prime and semiprime associative rings (16N60) Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial, rational, involution) (16R50) Derivations, actions of Lie algebras (16W25)

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For \(G\in\text{End}((R,+))\) and \(g\in\text{Der}(R)\) the pair \((G,g)\) is a generalized derivation of \(R\) if for all \(x,y\in R\), \(G(xy)=G(x)y+xg(y)\). Let \(R\) be a prime ring with \(\text{char\,}R\neq 2\) and extended centroid \(C\), and let \(f(X)\in C\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}\) be a nonzero, multilinear, polynomial in noncommuting indeterminates so that for some \(\{r_j\}\subseteq R\), \(f(r_1,\ldots,r_n)\notin C\). The authors consider an expression of the form \(q(X)=G(f(X))d(f(X))+d(f(X))G(f(X))\) for \(d\in\text{Der}(R)\) and \((G,g)\) a generalized derivation of \(R\). The main result of the paper assumes that \(q(X)\) is an identity for \(R\) and concludes that i) \(G=0=d\) or ii) for some \(a\in R\) \(d(r)=ar-ra\) for all \(r\in R\), \(G(r)=cr\) for some \(c\in C\) and all \(r\in R\), and \(f(X)^2\) has all evaluations, using elements of \(R\), in \(C\). One consequence of this result is that if \(L\) is a noncentral Lie ideal of \(R\) so that \(G(y)d(y)+d(y)G(y)=0\) for all \(y\in L\), then the same conclusions as in the main theorem hold except that \(f^2\) having central values is replaced with: \(R\) satisfies the standard polynomial identity of degree four -- \(R\) embeds in \(M_2(F)\) for \(F\) a field.

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