A quadratic differential identity with generalized derivations on multilinear polynomials in prime rings. (Q2454098)

For \(G\in\text{End}((R,+))\) and \(g\in\text{Der}(R)\) the pair \((G,g)\) is a generalized derivation of \(R\) if for all \(x,y\in R\), \(G(xy)=G(x)y+xg(y)\). Let \(R\) be a prime ring with \(\text{char\,}R\neq 2\) and extended centroid \(C\), and let \(f(X)\in C\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}\) be a nonzero, multilinear, polynomial in noncommuting indeterminates so that for some \(\{r_j\}\subseteq R\), \(f(r_1,\ldots,r_n)\notin C\). The authors consider an expression of the form \(q(X)=G(f(X))d(f(X))+d(f(X))G(f(X))\) for \(d\in\text{Der}(R)\) and \((G,g)\) a generalized derivation of \(R\). The main result of the paper assumes that \(q(X)\) is an identity for \(R\) and concludes that i) \(G=0=d\) or ii) for some \(a\in R\) \(d(r)=ar-ra\) for all \(r\in R\), \(G(r)=cr\) for some \(c\in C\) and all \(r\in R\), and \(f(X)^2\) has all evaluations, using elements of \(R\), in \(C\). One consequence of this result is that if \(L\) is a noncentral Lie ideal of \(R\) so that \(G(y)d(y)+d(y)G(y)=0\) for all \(y\in L\), then the same conclusions as in the main theorem hold except that \(f^2\) having central values is replaced with: \(R\) satisfies the standard polynomial identity of degree four -- \(R\) embeds in \(M_2(F)\) for \(F\) a field.